Semiconductors and Energy Bands Quiz

A material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between a conductor and an insulator.

The band of energy levels where valence electrons reside.

The band of energy levels where electrons can move freely and contribute to electric current.

The difference in energy between the valence band and conduction band.

A material that has a very wide energy gap, preventing electron movement and, hence, preventing electric current.

The energy gap between the valence band and conduction band.

The band gap energy of a semiconductor.

The conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature because more electrons gain enough energy to jump the energy gap.

A material in which the valence or conduction band is partially filled.

Distinct ranges of energy levels available for electrons in a solid.

A pure semiconductor, with no impurities; behaves like an insulator at absolute zero.

A semiconductor with impurities (dopants) added, changing its electrical conductivity.

A semiconductor doped with pentavalent atoms, resulting in extra electrons as majority carriers.

A semiconductor doped with trivalent atoms, resulting in holes as majority carriers.

Applying voltage across a p-n junction in a direction that reduces the junction's barrier potential, allowing current to flow.

Applying voltage across a p-n junction in the opposite direction from forward bias, increasing the barrier potential and reducing current.

Converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

A diode specifically designed to operate in reverse breakdown region. It maintains a nearly constant voltage across it when operating in reverse bias.

A diode that converts light energy into an electrical current.

Converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) voltage.

Uses both halves of the AC input signal to produce DC output, doubling the output frequency.

A diode designed to operate in reverse bias, maintaining a constant voltage across its terminals even through changing current within a specific range.

A diode that converts light into current, typically operating in reverse bias.

A diode that emits light when current flows through it in the forward bias direction.

The boundary between the p-type and n-type semiconductor materials in a diode, responsible for its rectifying effect.

Applying a negative voltage across a diode, preventing current flow in a specific direction.

Applying a positive voltage across a diode, allowing current to flow in a specific direction.

The voltage that appears across a diode due to its thermodynamic properties.

The current flowing through a diode in reverse bias, and depending on applied voltage and temperature.

A semiconductor material with electrically neutral atoms.

A semiconductor doped with impurities to enhance conductivity.

A boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductors.

The change in voltage divided by the change in current in a p-n junction.

Collector current = (emitter current - base current).

Collector current divided by emitter current.

alpha * load resistance.

beta * load resistance.

Output is true if at least one input is true.

Output is true only if all inputs are true.

Output is the opposite of the input.

Output is true if only one input is true.