Semiconductor Materials and Electronics Devices
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Semiconductor Materials and Electronics Devices

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Questions and Answers

What type of material are modern electronic devices typically constructed from?

  • Superconductors
  • Conductors
  • Semiconductors (correct)
  • Insulators

    • How does a semiconductor atom achieve stability?

  • By being a good conductor of electricity
  • By sharing valence electrons with neighboring atoms (correct)
  • By having an empty valence shell
  • By containing a complete set of covalent bonds

    • What distinguishes semiconductors from electrical insulators and conductors?

  • Semiconductors can partially conduct electricity. (correct)
  • Semiconductors have empty valence shells.
  • Semiconductors do not contain valence electrons.
  • Semiconductors are excellent conductors of electricity.

    • What contributes to the filling of sub shells in semiconductor atoms?

    <p>Sharing electrons with neighboring atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons does the center atom in a semiconductor effectively have in its M-shell?

    <p>8 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the concentration of electrons (n) and holes (p) in an intrinsic semiconductor?

    <p>n = p = ni, where ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the intrinsic carrier concentration (ni) depend on the bandgap energy (Eg) of a semiconductor?

    <p>ni decreases exponentially with Eg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a pentavalent impurity (such as phosphorus or antimony) when introduced into a semiconductor like silicon?

    <p>It donates excess electrons, making the semiconductor n-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the introduction of a trivalent impurity (such as boron, aluminum, or gallium) affect the electronic properties of a semiconductor like silicon?

    <p>It creates holes, making the semiconductor p-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the concentration of excess electrons (n) and the concentration of impurity atoms (Nd) in an n-type semiconductor?

    <p>n = Nd, as all the impurity atoms are ionized at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

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