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Questions and Answers
What is the typical resistivity level of an insulator?
What is the typical resistivity level of an insulator?
Which material has very high conductivity and a resistivity in the order of 10^4 and 10^-6 Ω-cm?
Which material has very high conductivity and a resistivity in the order of 10^4 and 10^-6 Ω-cm?
How is a semiconductor classified based on its conductivity?
How is a semiconductor classified based on its conductivity?
What type of bonding holds the atoms within the silicon crystal structure together?
What type of bonding holds the atoms within the silicon crystal structure together?
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Which material has an atomic number of 32 and is commonly used as a semiconductor?
Which material has an atomic number of 32 and is commonly used as a semiconductor?
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What is the range of resistivity level for a semiconductor material?
What is the range of resistivity level for a semiconductor material?
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What is the term for a pure semiconductor without intentional impurities?
What is the term for a pure semiconductor without intentional impurities?
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What type of atoms are added to create N-type semiconductors?
What type of atoms are added to create N-type semiconductors?
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What is the effect of thermal energy on electrons in an intrinsic semiconductor?
What is the effect of thermal energy on electrons in an intrinsic semiconductor?
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What are the electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor?
What are the electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor?
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What contributes to electrical current in a semiconductor?
What contributes to electrical current in a semiconductor?
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What type of impurities are intentionally introduced to create P-type semiconductors?
What type of impurities are intentionally introduced to create P-type semiconductors?
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Which type of semiconductor has relatively few free electrons in its intrinsic state?
Which type of semiconductor has relatively few free electrons in its intrinsic state?
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What is the purpose of intentional impurities added to semiconductors through doping?
What is the purpose of intentional impurities added to semiconductors through doping?
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What is an extrinsic semiconductor?
What is an extrinsic semiconductor?
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What describes an electron-hole pair in a material?
What describes an electron-hole pair in a material?
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Study Notes
- Semiconductors are materials with conductivity between insulators and conductors, having resistivity levels between 10 and 104 Ω-cm.
- Silicon and germanium are common semiconductor materials with 4 valence electrons and atomic numbers 14 and 32, respectively.
- Intrinsic semiconductors are pure materials with few free electrons and limited conductivity.
- Impurities are intentionally added to semiconductors through doping to enhance conductivity.
- Doping introduces donor atoms for N-type semiconductors or acceptor atoms for P-type semiconductors, altering their conductivity.
- An electron-hole pair is a concept in semiconductor physics, where thermal energy can promote electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
- Electrons and holes in the conduction and valence bands can move when an electric field is applied, contributing to current flow.
- Electrons and holes can recombine, releasing energy as a photon or heat.
- N-type semiconductors are created through doping with donor impurities, allowing more electrons in the conduction band.
- P-type semiconductors are created through doping with acceptor impurities, creating holes in the valence band.
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Description
Learn about the classification of materials based on their electrical conductivity, including insulators, semiconductors, and conductors. Explore the typical resistivity levels and examples of each type of material.
