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Questions and Answers
What is the typical resistivity level of an insulator?
Which material has very high conductivity and a resistivity in the order of 10^4 and 10^-6 Ω-cm?
How is a semiconductor classified based on its conductivity?
What type of bonding holds the atoms within the silicon crystal structure together?
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Which material has an atomic number of 32 and is commonly used as a semiconductor?
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What is the range of resistivity level for a semiconductor material?
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What is the term for a pure semiconductor without intentional impurities?
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What type of atoms are added to create N-type semiconductors?
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What is the effect of thermal energy on electrons in an intrinsic semiconductor?
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What are the electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor?
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What contributes to electrical current in a semiconductor?
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What type of impurities are intentionally introduced to create P-type semiconductors?
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Which type of semiconductor has relatively few free electrons in its intrinsic state?
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What is the purpose of intentional impurities added to semiconductors through doping?
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What is an extrinsic semiconductor?
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What describes an electron-hole pair in a material?
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Study Notes
- Semiconductors are materials with conductivity between insulators and conductors, having resistivity levels between 10 and 104 Ω-cm.
- Silicon and germanium are common semiconductor materials with 4 valence electrons and atomic numbers 14 and 32, respectively.
- Intrinsic semiconductors are pure materials with few free electrons and limited conductivity.
- Impurities are intentionally added to semiconductors through doping to enhance conductivity.
- Doping introduces donor atoms for N-type semiconductors or acceptor atoms for P-type semiconductors, altering their conductivity.
- An electron-hole pair is a concept in semiconductor physics, where thermal energy can promote electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
- Electrons and holes in the conduction and valence bands can move when an electric field is applied, contributing to current flow.
- Electrons and holes can recombine, releasing energy as a photon or heat.
- N-type semiconductors are created through doping with donor impurities, allowing more electrons in the conduction band.
- P-type semiconductors are created through doping with acceptor impurities, creating holes in the valence band.
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Description
Learn about the classification of materials based on their electrical conductivity, including insulators, semiconductors, and conductors. Explore the typical resistivity levels and examples of each type of material.
