Semiconductor Electronics Quiz

An insulator is a material that has a very high resistance to the flow of electricity. This means that very little electric current can flow through an insulator. Examples of insulators include rubber, wood, glass, and air.

<p>Doping is the process of intentionally adding impurities to a semiconductor material. This is done to control the semiconductor's electrical conductivity and to make it more useful for specific applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A p-n junction is a boundary formed between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. It forms the basis for many semiconductor devices, like diodes and transistors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The depletion region is a thin layer that forms at the junction between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. It's created by the diffusion of charge carriers across the junction, and it is characterized by a lack of free charge carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The barrier potential is a potential difference that builds up across the depletion region in a p-n junction. It is created by the fixed positive and negative charges within the depletion region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The width of the depletion region decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The width of the depletion region increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow easily in one direction (forward bias) but strongly resists current flow in the opposite direction (reverse bias).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While both transistors and diodes are built from semiconductors, diodes are two-terminal devices that act as a gate for current flow, while transistors are three-terminal devices that can amplify or switch a signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectification is the process of converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). This involves limiting the flow of current in one direction while allowing current to pass freely in the opposite direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A half-wave rectifier is a circuit that uses a diode to allow only one half-cycle of an AC waveform to pass through, resulting in a pulsating DC output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dynamic resistance of a diode is a measure of its resistance to changes in current at a particular voltage point. It varies depending on the operating point of the diode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An n-type semiconductor is made by adding a small amount of pentavalent dopant element, such as phosphorus or arsenic, to a pure semiconductor material like silicon or germanium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Materials with high conductivity (low resistivity), where the conduction band either overlaps with the valence band or is partially filled, enabling free electron movement.

Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators, with a small energy gap between the valence band and conduction band. At room temperature, some electrons can jump to the conduction band.

Materials with very low conductivity (high resistivity), with a large energy gap between the valence band and conduction band. Electrons cannot easily jump to the conduction band.

The group of closely spaced energy levels that electrons in a solid can occupy.

The energy band containing the valence electrons, which are responsible for chemical bonding.

The energy band containing conduction electrons, which are free to move and carry electrical current.

The energy difference between the highest energy level in the valence band and the lowest energy level in the conduction band.

A pure semiconductor with poor conductivity at absolute zero temperature. Its conductivity increases with temperature.

The process of adding impurities to an intrinsic semiconductor to increase its conductivity.

A semiconductor with impurities that donate extra electrons to the conduction band, making it more conductive. The majority carriers are electrons.

A semiconductor with impurities that accept electrons from the valence band, creating holes and increasing conductivity. The majority carriers are holes.

The interface between a p-type and an n-type semiconductor, where a depletion region forms due to diffusion and drift of charge carriers.

The region near the p-n junction where there are few free charge carriers due to diffusion and drift of majority charge carriers.

The electric potential difference across the p-n junction due to the presence of fixed ions in the depletion region.

The current that flows across the p-n junction when the diode is forward biased.

The current that flows across the p-n junction when the diode is reverse biased. It is very small and almost constant.

The voltage across the diode at which the reverse current increases dramatically.

The device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

A rectifier circuit that uses a single diode to allow current to flow only during one half of the AC cycle.

A rectifier circuit that uses two diodes to allow current to flow during both halves of the AC cycle, resulting in a DC output with ripple.

The process of converting an AC signal into a DC signal.

The resistance of a diode when forward biased.

The resistance of a diode when reverse biased. It is much higher than forward resistance.

The ratio of the change in voltage to the change in current in a diode.

The voltage at which a diode begins to conduct significant forward current.

A semiconductor device consisting of a p-n junction with metallic contacts for applying an external voltage.

An element with four valence electrons, used in semiconductors, commonly silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge).

An element with five valence electrons, used as a dopant to create n-type semiconductors. Examples include phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As).

An element with three valence electrons, used as a dopant to create p-type semiconductors. Examples include boron (B) and aluminum (Al).

The current due to the movement of majority charge carriers across the p-n junction, driven by the concentration gradient.

The current due to the movement of minority charge carriers across the p-n junction, driven by the electric field.

The process by which a semiconductor becomes an n-type or p-type semiconductor due to the addition of impurities.