Semiconductor Devices Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of semiconductor devices?

  • To store large amounts of data
  • To produce mechanical energy
  • To control voltage or current for some desired result (correct)
  • To generate heat at high temperatures
  • Which of the following is an advantage of semiconductors?

  • Small size and weight (correct)
  • High resistance to temperature changes
  • High power consumption at low voltages
  • Low efficiency
  • Which element is suitable for electronic applications among the pure semiconductor elements?

  • Germanium (correct)
  • Boron
  • Carbon
  • Silicon
  • What are the disadvantages of semiconductors?

    <p>Great susceptibility to changes in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is germanium, a pure semiconductor element suitable for electronic applications?

    <p>Grayish-white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was silicon discovered in 1886?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used semiconductor material?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was silicon discovered?

    <p>1823</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are active materials not stable?

    <p>Because they possess incomplete valence shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does covalent bonding in silicon atoms occur?

    <p>By sharing valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the covalent bond in pure silicon crystals result in?

    <p>Insulating properties at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of silicon crystals as the temperature increases?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electrons in silicon crystals behave when heat energy is applied?

    <p>They absorb the energy and move to a higher orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a silicon atom have?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication of an atom's ability to gain or lose electrons?

    <p>Valence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Semiconduction' refers to which material property?

    <p>Electrical conductivity between insulators and conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using semiconductors in electronic equipment?

    <p>To control voltage or current for some desired result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main advantages of semiconductors over other materials?

    <p>Instant operation when power is applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements are suitable for electronic applications as pure semiconductors?

    <p>Germanium (Ge)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the disadvantages of semiconductors mentioned in the text?

    <p>Extra components required for stabilization and easily damaged by excessive power limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is germanium, a pure semiconductor element suitable for electronic applications?

    <p>Brittle grayish-white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of semiconductor materials according to the text?

    <p>Characteristics that fall between those of insulators and conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process by which germanium dioxide is converted to pure germanium?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used semiconductor material?

    <p>Silicon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of an atom’s ability to gain or lose electrons and determines its electrical and chemical properties?

    <p>Valence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does a silicon atom have?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property makes active materials referred to as unstable?

    <p>Need for additional electrons for stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of pure silicon crystals as the temperature increases?

    <p>It decreases by half for every 6 degrees Celsius rise in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs in pure silicon crystals when heat energy is applied?

    <p>Some electrons absorb energy and move to a higher orbit, allowing the crystals to support current flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does covalent bonding in silicon atoms result in?

    <p>Formation of stable crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Semiconduction' refers to which material property?

    <p>'<strong>Negative</strong> temperature coefficient'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is chemically reduced to produce pure silicon?

    <p>Silicon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

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