Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one primary consideration to take into account when creating a questionnaire?
What is one primary consideration to take into account when creating a questionnaire?
Which type of question could you include in your questionnaire to assess emotional intelligence?
Which type of question could you include in your questionnaire to assess emotional intelligence?
What could be a potential drawback of using questionnaires in research?
What could be a potential drawback of using questionnaires in research?
Which of the following topics might be suitable for investigating with a questionnaire?
Which of the following topics might be suitable for investigating with a questionnaire?
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What should you include when writing the aim of a study for a questionnaire?
What should you include when writing the aim of a study for a questionnaire?
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What is inter-rater reliability primarily concerned with?
What is inter-rater reliability primarily concerned with?
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What solution can be used to reduce social desirability bias in responses?
What solution can be used to reduce social desirability bias in responses?
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Which type of interview includes a predetermined set of questions in a fixed order?
Which type of interview includes a predetermined set of questions in a fixed order?
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What characterizes an unstructured interview?
What characterizes an unstructured interview?
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What is a potential drawback of using an unstructured interview?
What is a potential drawback of using an unstructured interview?
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Which statements about closed questions are generally true?
Which statements about closed questions are generally true?
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What is a characteristic of a semi-structured interview?
What is a characteristic of a semi-structured interview?
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How does social desirability bias affect data collection?
How does social desirability bias affect data collection?
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What is the main purpose of self-reports in psychology?
What is the main purpose of self-reports in psychology?
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Which of the following describes the primary characteristic of closed questions?
Which of the following describes the primary characteristic of closed questions?
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Which type of question is likely to yield richer and more in-depth data?
Which type of question is likely to yield richer and more in-depth data?
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What type of scaling is used when respondents circle numbers to indicate agreement with a statement?
What type of scaling is used when respondents circle numbers to indicate agreement with a statement?
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Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous question?
Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous question?
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Why might researchers find it challenging to consistently interpret open-ended responses?
Why might researchers find it challenging to consistently interpret open-ended responses?
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What limits the effectiveness of dichotomous questions in research?
What limits the effectiveness of dichotomous questions in research?
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Which question type is less likely to reveal participant opinions comprehensively?
Which question type is less likely to reveal participant opinions comprehensively?
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Study Notes
Self-Reports in Psychology
- A research method where participants provide data about themselves.
- Methods include questionnaires and interviews.
- Data gathered pertains to opinions, thoughts, emotions, and views.
Questionnaires
- Present questions in written format (paper or online).
- Closed questions offer fixed response options (e.g., multiple choice, Likert scales).
- Open questions allow for free-form responses, providing richer, more in-depth data. Examples include "What...", "Why...", "How...", "Describe...", "Explain...".
- Likert scales measure agreement with a statement on a numerical scale.
- Dichotomous questions (yes/no) are restrictive.
- Interpreting open-ended responses requires careful consideration of inter-rater reliability (agreement between researchers).
Risks and Validity in Questionnaires
- Social desirability bias: Participants may present themselves in a positive light, not answering honestly.
- Knowing the study's aim can influence responses.
- Solutions include filler questions (irrelevant items to disguise the purpose) and carefully worded questions to avoid obvious biases.
Interviews
- Conducted face-to-face, by phone, or virtually.
- Can use open and closed questions but primarily utilize open-ended questions.
- Structured interviews use pre-determined questions in a fixed order, ensuring standardization.
- Unstructured interviews focus on main topics without a fixed question list or order; the next question is guided by the previous answer.
- Semi-structured interviews combine fixed questions with flexibility for in-depth exploration.
Problems with Interviews
- Social desirability bias and knowledge of the study's aim are issues.
- Interviews are time-consuming and interpretations may be subjective.
Group Task: Questionnaire Design
- Choose a research topic.
- Develop a questionnaire using a mix of open and closed questions.
- Consider various closed-question types (multiple choice, scales, contingency).
- Avoid wording that would lead to bias or misinterpretations.
- Example topics: emotional intelligence, stress and coping, social media and mental health, sleep patterns, prejudice, happiness, eating behaviors, workplace stress.
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Description
Test your knowledge on self-report methods used in psychology, focusing on questionnaires and their various types. Explore the risks and validity concerns associated with data collection through participant responses. This quiz covers essential concepts and terminologies relevant to this research method.
