Self-Management

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following BEST describes self-management in the context of healthcare?

  • A set of strict protocols enforced by healthcare institutions to optimize patient outcomes.
  • A hands-off approach where patients are entirely responsible for their healthcare without professional guidance.
  • The ability of healthcare providers to manage patient schedules and treatments.
  • An individual's capacity to handle daily tasks needed to maintain health and well-being or manage chronic disease needs. (correct)

The degree of self-care remains constant for individuals across their lifespan and in different situations.

False (B)

Name three core components often addressed in self-management education programs.

Causes and consequences of common chronic diseases, Medication or symptom management, Lifestyle and health promoting behaviors

Having confidence in one's knowledge and abilities to achieve a desired outcome is known as self-_________.

<p>efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Self-efficacy = Confidence in one's ability to achieve a desired outcome Patient engagement = Being an active participant in one’s health and healthcare Health education = Learning experiences to improve health through enhanced knowledge and skills Disease management = Coordinated healthcare interventions for patients with chronic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of self-management, what is the significance of the patient-provider relationship?

<p>It serves as the vehicle through which optimal self-management occurs, with patients taking responsibility for their health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disease management primarily focuses on acute illnesses rather than chronic conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a social context factor that can significantly impact a patient's ability to successfully manage their health?

<p>Poverty affecting the ability to pay for healthcare, nutrition, and medications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three areas of consideration for nurses in promoting self-management.

<p>Health enhancement and wellness, pre-disease/disease prevention, disease/new diagnosis, and chronic disease management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive Behavioral Theory posits that one's __________ directly influence their behavior.

<p>thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Cognitive Theory, what is a key factor that influences an individual's behaviours related to health?

<p>Their expectations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of self-management, a patient-centered care plan disregards the patient's preferences and focuses solely on medical recommendations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parents in the self-management of infants and toddlers?

<p>Providing complete and primary responsibility for their health and well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'patient engagement' and explain its link to self-efficacy.

<p>Patient engagement is having the knowledge, skills, ability, and willingness to be an active participant in one’s health and health care. It is linked to self-efficacy because a person with high self-efficacy is more likely to actively engage in their health management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A system of coordinated health care interventions designed for patients with chronic conditions to support their self-management efforts is known as __________ __________.

<p>disease management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the scope of the concept of self-management?

<p>It varies across an individual’s lifespan and in different situations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health education is limited to providing information about a disease and does not include skills or confidence-building.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a patient in self-management, the nurse should develop a __________-centered plan of care, respecting the patient's wishes and desires.

<p>patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests an active, involved, and responsible patient engaged in specific actions as part of a plan they develop themselves?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe two ways a nurse can facilitate effective goal setting with a patient during the development of a self-management plan.

<p>By ensuring the goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART), and by collaborating with the patient to set goals that align with their values and capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes is LEAST associated with effective self-management?

<p>Reliance on the healthcare provider for all decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents are typically excluded from participating in self-management tasks related to their health.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Cognitive Theory, individuals with __________ self-efficacy are likely to maintain positive health behaviours.

<p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a client is newly diagnosed with a chronic condition, what is a crucial nursing consideration regarding promotion of self-management?

<p>Facilitating significant lifestyle changes to help the client adjust effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person's expectations do not significantly influence their health-related behaviours, according to Social Cognitive Theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each concept with its corresponding definition:

<p>Self-Management = Ability to engage in daily tasks to maintain health or manage chronic disease Health Education = Learning experiences designed to improve health knowledge and skills Self-Efficacy = Confidence in one’s ability to reach a desired outcome Patient Engagement = Active participation in one’s health and healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two key elements to consider when determining the level of support patients need to successfully manage their health?

<p>The social context in which skills are used and the patient's life stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key attribute of effective self-management is having sufficient __________ of one's chronic condition and its treatment.

<p>knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions could be most effective in enhancing a patient's self-efficacy?

<p>Offering encouragement and support to build confidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Healthcare providers should always dictate the goals for a patient's self-management plan without considering the patient's personal preferences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'monitoring conditions and responding to information about the current disease state' primarily require from clients and caregivers?

<p>Appropriate cognitive and behavioural responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how neighborhood violence can impact a patient's self-management abilities.

<p>Neighborhood violence may limit a patient's ability to engage in health-promoting behaviors, such as outdoor exercise, or affect their mental health, impacting their ability to manage their health effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective self-management includes the ability for clients and caregivers to __________ convey important information and management to the provider.

<p>accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary focus of health enhancement and wellness in nursing care related to self-management?

<p>Promoting lifestyle behaviors that enhance health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Providers should discourage patients from seeking social support as it interferes with professional medical advice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the provider’s role in assisting a patient with self-management across the lifespan?

<p>Effectively transitioning roles and responsibilities based on the patient’s life stage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-management education is often provided in different __________ settings, fostering collaborative learning.

<p>group</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe a scenario where a nurse can apply the principles of Cognitive Behavioral Theory to improve a patient's self-management of diabetes.

<p>A nurse can help a patient identify and challenge negative thoughts related to their ability to manage their blood sugar. By reframing these thoughts and developing positive self-talk, the patient can improve their adherence to their treatment plan; for example, If the patient thinks: 'I'll never be able to control my blood sugar, what's the point?', then the nurse can assist the patient in reframing it to 'I can take small steps each day to manage my blood sugar. Every little bit helps!'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients with chronic conditions do not need to be health literate as long as they have a supportive caregiver.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have a patient with hypertension who is reluctant to take their medication because they feel fine. How can you leverage Social Cognitive Theory to improve their medication adherence?

<p>Ask the patient how confident they feel about remembering to take their medication daily and discuss strategies to boost their confidence. Show the patient the positive effects that the medication can have, if taken as prescribed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key element in pre-disease or disease prevention is identifying and addressing __________ factors that increase the risk of developing a full disease.

<p>risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to use a patient-centered approach to empower a client with heart failure to take control of their health. Include the following: (i) how to involve the patient in decision-making and (ii) how to tailor the management plan to their unique values and needs.

<p>(i) Involve the patient in decision-making by actively soliciting their input about their treatment goals; ask what is most important to them and what challenges they foresee in adhering to the treatment plan. Discuss all available treatment options, including medications, lifestyle changes, and potential interventions, and then ensure that the patient understands the benefits and risks of each option. (ii) Tailor the management plan to unique values and needs by gaining insight into patient values to align goals with the patient’s personal values and beliefs which promotes intrinsic motivation and engagement. Then collaboratively set goals that are feasible, patient-driven, and aligned with what matters most to the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Self Management

The ability of an individual/caregiver to engage in daily tasks necessary to maintain health and well-being OR manage the holistic needs of chronic disease.

Self-efficacy

Having confidence in one’s knowledge and abilities to reach a desired outcome.

Patient Engagement

Having the knowledge, skills, ability, and willingness to be an active participant in one’s health and health care.

Health Education

Learning experiences designed to help patients and their caregivers improve health by enhancing their knowledge, skills, and confidence or influencing their attitudes.

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Patient-Provider Relationship

When patients take responsibility for their health and the health care team supports optimal self-management.

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Disease Management

A system of coordinated health care interventions and communications for patients with chronic conditions that require significant self-management efforts.

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Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Thoughts affect behavior.

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Social Cognitive Theory

An individual’s expectations influence their behaviors.

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Health Enhancement and Wellness

Wellness visits and screening appointments; lifestyle behaviors that promote health.

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Pre-disease/Disease Prevention

Risk of developing full disease based on current health status and risks.

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Disease/New Diagnosis

Patients must take significant lifestyle changes.

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Education (in chronic disease management)

Includes preventive and supportive health measures.

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Patient-Centered Plan of Care

Respect patient wishes and desires - they are a partner in their care.

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Study Notes

  • Self-management involves a person's/caregiver's ability to perform daily activities needed to maintain health and well-being and to manage chronic disease's holistic needs.
  • It is based on understanding their condition, its effects, and a care plan created with their healthcare team.
  • The degree of self-care varies among individuals and situations throughout life.
  • It's characterized by ways to boost patients' and caregivers' confidence, knowledge, and skills.
  • Self-management education can occur in group settings and is collaborative, including topics such as:
    • Causes and effects of common chronic diseases
    • Medication or symptom management
    • Lifestyle and health-promoting behaviors
    • Social support

Core Expectations and Skills

  • Clients and caregivers need enough knowledge about their chronic condition and its treatment.
  • They should monitor their condition and react to information about their current health status with suitable cognitive and behavioral responses, considering changing circumstances.
  • Clients and caregivers must clearly communicate important information and management strategies to the healthcare provider.

Attributes and Criteria

  • Self-efficacy:
    • Having faith in one's knowledge and abilities to achieve a desired outcome
  • Patient engagement:
    • Related to self-efficacy, involving the knowledge, skills, ability, and desire to actively participate in one's health and healthcare
  • Health education:
    • Learning experiences to help patients and caregivers improve health by increasing their knowledge, skills, and confidence or influencing their attitudes
  • Patient-provider relationship:
    • Patients take responsibility for their health and the "provider" (healthcare team members and the healthcare system) facilitates optimal self-management.
  • Disease management:
    • Coordinated healthcare interventions and communications for chronic conditions needing significant self-management.

Essential Across Lifespan

  • Parents are primarily responsible for infants, toddlers, and school-aged children.
  • Adolescents often share tasks with their parents.
  • The provider's role in assisting with self-management depends on the patient's life stage, with effective transitions of roles and responsibilities.
  • The social context affects the level of support patients need to manage their health successfully.
    • Poverty impacts the ability to pay for healthcare, nutrition, and medications.
    • Neighborhood violence affects safety.
    • Transportation affects access to healthcare providers.

Supportive Theories

  • Cognitive behavioral theory:
    • Thoughts influence behavior (internal processes).
    • It assumes an active, involved, and responsible patient is engaged in specific actions as part of a patient-developed plan.
  • Social cognitive theory:
    • An individual’s expectations influence their behaviors.
    • High self-efficacy.
    • Those in good health remain confident and can maintain their health with positive behaviors.

Nursing Considerations for Promotion

  • Areas regarding self-management:
    • Health enhancement and wellness: wellness visits, screening appointments, and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors
    • Pre-disease/disease prevention: Assessing the risk of developing a disease based on current health and risks
    • Disease/new diagnosis: Requires significant lifestyle changes
    • Chronic disease management
    • Education includes preventive and supportive health measures
  • Patient-centered plan of care:
    • Respect patient wishes and desires; patients are partners in their care
  • Goal setting

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