Self-Defense and Morality Quiz

Fear

• Fear occurs when an individual is threatened by impending danger, limiting their ability to use will and reason.
• There are two types of fear:
  • Light Fear: impending danger is minor or remote, e.g. a classmate threatening to slap you if you don't give in to their demand.
  • Grave Fear: impending danger is serious and potentially life-threatening, e.g. a classmate demanding something with a gun pointed at your head.
• Morality of actions done under fear: both light and grave fear are culpable, as one can still choose their actions despite the presence of a threat.

Violence

• Violence is the application of physical force to compel someone to do or not do an act, e.g. self-defense.
• There are two parties involved: the attacker and the defender.
• The morality of actions done under violence is judged based on the reaction of the defender.
• Self-defense is a justified reaction to violence, but intentional killing of the perpetrator is culpable.
• If the defender kills the perpetrator unintentionally while defending themselves, they are not culpable.

Habit

• Habit is a firm and stable behavior pattern developed through repetition.
• An individual acts based on their repeated responses to situations, often unconsciously.
• Good habits are called virtues, while bad habits are vices.
• Examples of bad habits include speaking bad words as a reaction to situations or causing trouble in social gatherings.
• Morality of actions done under bad habit: bad actions done due to habit are culpable, but the culpability can be lessened if the person exerts effort to overcome the habit.