Podcast
Questions and Answers
What impact do positive feedback and compliments have on Tina's self-esteem at social gatherings?
What impact do positive feedback and compliments have on Tina's self-esteem at social gatherings?
- They may enhance her self-esteem. (correct)
- They create a false sense of self-worth.
- They have no impact on her confidence.
- They make her overly reliant on others for validation.
How does early praise from parents affect a child's self-perception?
How does early praise from parents affect a child's self-perception?
- It instills a belief in their own capabilities. (correct)
- It teaches them to ignore negative feedback.
- It fosters a sense of guilt for mistakes.
- It leads them to compare themselves to others.
In what way does consistent recognition at work influence an employee's self-view?
In what way does consistent recognition at work influence an employee's self-view?
- It enhances their sense of competence and value. (correct)
- It creates complacency regarding their contributions.
- It may lead to dependency on external validation.
- It causes them to disregard team dynamics.
How does George Herbert Mead's concept of the self differ from that of Charles Horton Cooley?
How does George Herbert Mead's concept of the self differ from that of Charles Horton Cooley?
Which of the following best describes Cooley's looking-glass self?
Which of the following best describes Cooley's looking-glass self?
What do Mead's and Cooley's theories suggest about personal identity?
What do Mead's and Cooley's theories suggest about personal identity?
What aspect of self does Mead’s theory primarily focus on?
What aspect of self does Mead’s theory primarily focus on?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cooley’s looking-glass self?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Cooley’s looking-glass self?
What does the 'I' component of William James's theory of self represent?
What does the 'I' component of William James's theory of self represent?
In Bandura's social learning theory, how do individuals primarily learn new behaviors?
In Bandura's social learning theory, how do individuals primarily learn new behaviors?
What aspect of the 'Me' in James's theory includes social roles and recognition by others?
What aspect of the 'Me' in James's theory includes social roles and recognition by others?
Which component of the self contains physical possessions according to William James?
Which component of the self contains physical possessions according to William James?
What example illustrates the impact of the Material Self in William James's theory?
What example illustrates the impact of the Material Self in William James's theory?
According to Bandura, which cognitive process is important in understanding behavior acquisition?
According to Bandura, which cognitive process is important in understanding behavior acquisition?
What is a key aspect of the Spiritual Self in William James's theory?
What is a key aspect of the Spiritual Self in William James's theory?
Which of the following best defines the concept of 'observational learning' in Bandura's theory?
Which of the following best defines the concept of 'observational learning' in Bandura's theory?
What is the main significance of high self-efficacy?
What is the main significance of high self-efficacy?
In the play stage, how do children primarily understand social roles?
In the play stage, how do children primarily understand social roles?
At what age does the preparatory stage typically end?
At what age does the preparatory stage typically end?
What type of behavior is most characteristic of the preparatory stage?
What type of behavior is most characteristic of the preparatory stage?
How can role models influence a child's development of self-efficacy?
How can role models influence a child's development of self-efficacy?
What behavior might a toddler exhibit during the preparatory stage?
What behavior might a toddler exhibit during the preparatory stage?
Which of the following accurately describes the play stage?
Which of the following accurately describes the play stage?
What impact can media exposure have on a teenager's behavior?
What impact can media exposure have on a teenager's behavior?
What influences an individual's career choice in collectivist cultures?
What influences an individual's career choice in collectivist cultures?
In which way do individuals in collectivist cultures typically approach decision-making?
In which way do individuals in collectivist cultures typically approach decision-making?
How does self-esteem differ between Western and Eastern perspectives?
How does self-esteem differ between Western and Eastern perspectives?
How did Clifford Geertz characterize culture?
How did Clifford Geertz characterize culture?
What is a primary focus of identity in Western cultures?
What is a primary focus of identity in Western cultures?
What is meant by the term 'webs of significance' in Geertz's framework?
What is meant by the term 'webs of significance' in Geertz's framework?
In collectivist societies, how do individuals typically compare themselves to others?
In collectivist societies, how do individuals typically compare themselves to others?
Which statement best describes the view of self in Eastern perspective cultures?
Which statement best describes the view of self in Eastern perspective cultures?
Which of the following examples reflects how cultural symbols influence identity?
Which of the following examples reflects how cultural symbols influence identity?
In Geertz's analysis, what does he consider culture to be when viewed as 'text'?
In Geertz's analysis, what does he consider culture to be when viewed as 'text'?
What is a common misconception about self-esteem in collectivist cultures?
What is a common misconception about self-esteem in collectivist cultures?
What does Harry Triandis's work emphasize regarding cultural differences?
What does Harry Triandis's work emphasize regarding cultural differences?
What does Geertz's interpretation of Balinese cockfighting illustrate?
What does Geertz's interpretation of Balinese cockfighting illustrate?
How does Geertz view the relationship between the self and culture?
How does Geertz view the relationship between the self and culture?
What role do religious symbols play in shaping individual identities according to Geertz?
What role do religious symbols play in shaping individual identities according to Geertz?
Which option best describes Geertz's contribution to anthropology?
Which option best describes Geertz's contribution to anthropology?
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Study Notes
Social Gatherings
- External perceptions influence self-image and self-esteem.
- Positive feedback enhances self-esteem.
- Negative feedback can lower confidence.
Child Development
- Early feedback from parents shapes a child's self-perception.
- Praise for positive behavior establishes a perception of "goodness."
Workplace Dynamics
- Recognition and positive feedback contribute to a strong sense of competence and value.
- Criticism or feeling overlooked can lead to feelings of inadequacy.
George Herbert Mead's Theory of Self
- The self emerges through social interaction.
- Two components:
- "I" (spontaneous)
- "Me" (socialized)
- Focuses on role-taking and societal expectations.
Charles Horton Cooley's Theory of Self
- The self is formed through perceptions of others.
- Known as the "looking-glass self."
- Three stages:
- Imagining how others perceive us.
- Imagining their judgment of us.
- Developing feelings about ourselves based on these perceptions.
- Emphasizes reflection of others' judgments.
Clifford Geertz's Anthropological Perspective
- Culture is a system of symbols and meanings.
- The self is not isolated but constructed through cultural symbols.
- Culture as a text can be read and interpreted, revealing underlying meanings and narratives.
- Symbols carry deep meanings and shape individuals' identities and moral frameworks.
- National flags reinforce national identity and a sense of belonging.
William James' Theory of Self
- Two components:
- "I" (subjective self—the thinker and actor)
- "Me" (self as an object of knowledge—personal attributes, social roles, and recognition from others)
- The "Me" can be categorized into:
- Material self (physical possessions and body)
- Social self (self in relation to others)
- Spiritual self (core identity encompassing values, beliefs, and conscience)
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory
- People learn behaviors through observation and imitation within a social context.
- Key components:
- Observational learning: Learning by watching and imitating others.
- Self-efficacy: Belief in one's ability to succeed in situations.
Stages of Development (Mead)
- Preparatory Stage (Birth - Age 2)
- Simple imitation without understanding meaning.
- Exploratory play begins.
- Play Stage (Age 2 - 7)
- Taking on roles through imaginative play.
- Individual perspective still dominant.
- Game Stage (Age 7+)
- Understanding multiple perspectives.
- Taking on simultaneous roles in complex social interactions.
Collectivism
- Emphasizes interdependence and collective identity.
- Focus on group affiliations and roles, rather than individual goals and achievements.
- Prioritizes group needs and harmony.
- Self-esteem based on fulfilling social roles.
Individualism
- Emphasizes independence and personal autonomy.
- Focus on personal goals and achievements.
- Prioritizes individual desires.
- Self-esteem based on personal accomplishments.
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