Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the 3 types of self as mentioned in the text?
What are the 3 types of self as mentioned in the text?
What defines self-awareness?
What defines self-awareness?
What is the mirror test by Gallup (1970) used for as per the text?
What is the mirror test by Gallup (1970) used for as per the text?
What characterizes the Private Self according to the text?
What characterizes the Private Self according to the text?
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What is Chronic self-awareness associated with based on the text?
What is Chronic self-awareness associated with based on the text?
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Which theory involves assessing whether our goals have been met and altering our behaviors accordingly?
Which theory involves assessing whether our goals have been met and altering our behaviors accordingly?
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Which type of self involves how one believes they should be according to Self-discrepancy theory?
Which type of self involves how one believes they should be according to Self-discrepancy theory?
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In Social comparison theory, which type of comparison do individuals generally seek for performance comparisons?
In Social comparison theory, which type of comparison do individuals generally seek for performance comparisons?
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According to Self evaluation maintenance theory, what strategy involves distancing oneself physically or psychologically from a comparison target?
According to Self evaluation maintenance theory, what strategy involves distancing oneself physically or psychologically from a comparison target?
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Which type of discrepancy triggers agitation (anxiety) according to Self-discrepancy theory?
Which type of discrepancy triggers agitation (anxiety) according to Self-discrepancy theory?
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Study Notes
Impulsiveness vs Self-Awareness
- Impulsiveness is associated with private self-consciousness, which leads to more intense emotions, accurate self-perception, and adherence to personal beliefs.
- Heightened public self-consciousness, on the other hand, is linked to nervousness, loss of self-esteem, and concern with physical appearance.
Self Knowledge
- Self-awareness allows access to information about oneself, including self-schemas (how we act, think, feel, and behave).
- Self-schemas are an important part of one's self-concept, and being self-schematic is crucial for understanding oneself.
Control Theory of Self-Regulation
- According to Carver and Scheier (1981, 1998), self-awareness is used to assess whether goals have been met and to alter behaviors using the test-operate-test-exit process.
- This process involves both public and private standards.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Higgins (1987) proposed that there are three variations of self: actual, ideal, and ought.
- Discrepancies between these selves lead to emotions that motivate change, and failure to achieve these ideals can result in dejection or agitation.
Social Comparison Theory
- Festinger (1954) introduced the concept of social comparison, where individuals seek objective benchmarks to compare themselves to others.
- Downward social comparison is often preferred, as seen in the example of bronze medal winners being happier than silver medal winners (Medvec et al., 1995).
Self-Evaluation Maintenance
- Tesser (1988) explained that upward social comparison can lead to self-evaluation maintenance, which involves exaggerating the target's ability, changing the target, distancing oneself from the target, or devaluing the comparison dimension.
Types of Self
- Brewer and Gardener (1996) identified three types of self: individual, relational, and collective.
- The individual self refers to traits that distinguish one from others, the relational self refers to dyadic relationships, and the collective self refers to group membership.
Self-Awareness and Identity
- Self-awareness is a psychological state involving reflexive thought over one's traits, feelings, and behavior.
- The mirror test (Gallup, 1970) is a way to assess self-awareness, which involves recognizing oneself as an individual.
Private vs Public Self
- The private self consists of thoughts, feelings, and attitudes, while the public self is one's social image that can be seen and evaluated by others.
- Chronic self-awareness can be stressful, leading to avoidance behaviors, while reduced self-awareness can result in deindividuation and a lack of self-monitoring.
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Description
Test your knowledge on self-awareness, identity, and the 3 types of self according to Brewer and Gardner. Explore concepts like individual, relational, and collective self as well as private and public self.
