Java Selection and Iteration Statements Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of error is caught by the compiler when one brace in a block is left out of the program?

Nonfatal logic error

Logic error

Fatal logic error

Syntax error (correct)

Which type of error has its effect at execution time, like when both braces in a block are left out of the program?

Logic error (correct)

Fatal logic error

Nonfatal logic error

Syntax error

What happens when a fatal logic error occurs in a program?

The program continues executing normally

The program catches the error and corrects it

The program produces incorrect results

The program fails and terminates prematurely (correct)

How is an empty statement represented in Java?

By placing a semicolon where a statement would normally be Signup and view all the answers

What operator can be used in place of an if…else statement?

Conditional operator (?:) Signup and view all the answers

What type of expression is the operand to the left of the ? in the conditional operator (?:)?

Boolean expression Signup and view all the answers

Which statement selects among many different actions based on an expression?

Multiple-selection statement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of iteration statements in programming?

Perform statements repeatedly while a loop-continuation condition remains true Signup and view all the answers

Which keyword is used to define a loop that will execute zero or more times?

while Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the loop-continuation condition in a 'while' statement is initially false?

The body of the loop will not execute Signup and view all the answers

Which type of control statement connects the exit point of one to the entry point of the next?

Control-statement stacking Signup and view all the answers

How can each control statement be represented in an activity diagram?

With an initial state and a final state representing entry and exit points Signup and view all the answers

What did Bohm and Jacopini demonstrate regarding programs and goto statements?

Programs can be written without any goto statements. Signup and view all the answers

Which control structures did Bohm and Jacopini assert are sufficient to write all programs?

Sequence, selection, and iteration structures Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the sequence structure in Java?

Java executes statements one after the other in the order they are written. Signup and view all the answers

How is an activity diagram used in software systems modeling?

It models the flow of an algorithm. Signup and view all the answers

Which symbols are commonly used in UML activity diagrams?

Action-state symbols, diamonds, and small circles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Error Types

Compiler error: occurs when one brace in a block is left out of the program.
Runtime error: has its effect at execution time, like when both braces in a block are left out of the program.

Logic Errors

Fatal logic error: occurs when a program produces incorrect results, often due to incorrect logic or algorithm.

Conditional Operator

Empty statement: represented in Java as a single semicolon (;).
operator: can be used in place of an if…else statement.
Conditional operator (?:): the operand to the left of the ? is a boolean expression.

Control Statements

switch statement: selects among many different actions based on an expression.
Iteration statements: used in programming to repeat a set of statements while a condition is true.
while loop: keyword used to define a loop that will execute zero or more times.
If the loop-continuation condition in a 'while' statement is initially false, the loop body will not execute.

Control Flow

goto statement: connects the exit point of one to the entry point of the next.
Activity diagram: can be used to represent each control statement visually.

Program Structure

Bohm and Jacopini: demonstrated that programs and goto statements can be replaced with three structured programming constructs: sequence, selection, and iteration.
Bohm and Jacopini asserted: that sequence, selection, and iteration are sufficient to write all programs.

Sequence Structure

Key characteristic: executes statements in a predefined order.

Activity Diagrams

Used in software systems modeling: to visualize the flow of control in a program.
UML activity diagrams: commonly use symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, and arrows to represent different stages of control flow.

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Description

Explore the use of double-selection and multiple-selection statements to choose between different actions based on an expression, as well as iteration statements to perform actions repeatedly while a loop-continuation condition remains true. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in programming.