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Questions and Answers
Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, sensitive equipment, items critical to national security, or human remains are known as ________.
Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, sensitive equipment, items critical to national security, or human remains are known as ________.
recovery operations
A military operation to temporarily seize an area, usually through forcible entry, in order to secure information, confuse an adversary, capture personnel or equipment, or destroy an objective or capability is called a _____. It ends with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.
A military operation to temporarily seize an area, usually through forcible entry, in order to secure information, confuse an adversary, capture personnel or equipment, or destroy an objective or capability is called a _____. It ends with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.
raid
What is an example of an organization similar to NATO?
What is an example of an organization similar to NATO?
Alliance
Key considerations involved in planning and conducting multinational operations are affected by _____.
Key considerations involved in planning and conducting multinational operations are affected by _____.
Factors that enhance interoperability are _____.
Factors that enhance interoperability are _____.
Developing and maintaining professional relationships with multinational partners means _____.
Developing and maintaining professional relationships with multinational partners means _____.
The vetting process for participation in multinational operations serves as a mechanism to ____.
The vetting process for participation in multinational operations serves as a mechanism to ____.
Factors affecting military capabilities of nations include _____.
Factors affecting military capabilities of nations include _____.
When employing local national support, appropriate security measures should be taken to _____.
When employing local national support, appropriate security measures should be taken to _____.
During the conduct of military operations, multinational personnel must be able to _____.
During the conduct of military operations, multinational personnel must be able to _____.
The primary function of the Services and Special Operations Commands is to provide forces, each of which is organized, trained, and equipped to perform specific roles.
The primary function of the Services and Special Operations Commands is to provide forces, each of which is organized, trained, and equipped to perform specific roles.
What is the Army's primary role?
What is the Army's primary role?
Army Special Operations missions can include which of the following?
Army Special Operations missions can include which of the following?
What are the fundamental roles of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard in the implementation of the National Security Strategy?
What are the fundamental roles of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard in the implementation of the National Security Strategy?
These capabilities comprise the core of U.S. maritime power and reflect an increase in emphasis on those activities that prevent war and build partnerships.
These capabilities comprise the core of U.S. maritime power and reflect an increase in emphasis on those activities that prevent war and build partnerships.
Marine Corps forces exploit the Total Force concept, employing combinations of active duty and reserve Marines to ensure that missions are effectively and efficiently executed.
Marine Corps forces exploit the Total Force concept, employing combinations of active duty and reserve Marines to ensure that missions are effectively and efficiently executed.
Which of the following are roles of the Marine according to Title 10 U.S. Code?
Which of the following are roles of the Marine according to Title 10 U.S. Code?
Which of the following best defines the benefits of versatility in aerospace power?
Which of the following best defines the benefits of versatility in aerospace power?
Aerospace Force produces synergistic effects that are designed not to exceed separately employed individual forces.
Aerospace Force produces synergistic effects that are designed not to exceed separately employed individual forces.
Which of the following are among the Coast Guard roles?
Which of the following are among the Coast Guard roles?
The Army can trace its origins to colonial America.
The Army can trace its origins to colonial America.
Which Army regulations include every detail of a Soldier's life?
Which Army regulations include every detail of a Soldier's life?
During the early 1990s, what event shifted the focus of the Army's activities toward stopping old rivalries and conflicts?
During the early 1990s, what event shifted the focus of the Army's activities toward stopping old rivalries and conflicts?
Which of the lessons learned during the Mexican War did the Union Navy use?
Which of the lessons learned during the Mexican War did the Union Navy use?
Which technological advancement turned the tide on the U-boats?
Which technological advancement turned the tide on the U-boats?
Through which strategies has the U.S. Navy retained its traditional roles while expanding into expeditionary warfare?
Through which strategies has the U.S. Navy retained its traditional roles while expanding into expeditionary warfare?
Why was the participation of the Montford Point Marines in the amphibious assault at Saipan such a historic event?
Why was the participation of the Montford Point Marines in the amphibious assault at Saipan such a historic event?
Which of the following are examples of how the Marines have adapted and evolved as an expeditionary force?
Which of the following are examples of how the Marines have adapted and evolved as an expeditionary force?
In the name of strategic mobility, the Marines adopted prepositioning for which of the following purposes?
In the name of strategic mobility, the Marines adopted prepositioning for which of the following purposes?
During the 1930s, which two essential building blocks for an effective air force fell into place?
During the 1930s, which two essential building blocks for an effective air force fell into place?
Which of the following problems faced the newly created Air Force in 1947?
Which of the following problems faced the newly created Air Force in 1947?
The Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff provides a channel of communication between the President and SECDEF and the Combatant CDRs.
The Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff provides a channel of communication between the President and SECDEF and the Combatant CDRs.
NSA provides which of the following support?
NSA provides which of the following support?
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is operated by which countries?
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is operated by which countries?
The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) works with the Combatant Commanders (CCDRs) of which commands?
The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) works with the Combatant Commanders (CCDRs) of which commands?
What is the definition of irregular warfare?
What is the definition of irregular warfare?
The effectiveness of the U.S. to achieve national strategic objectives depends on the effectiveness of the U.S. Government in employing the instrument of national power, which are _____
The effectiveness of the U.S. to achieve national strategic objectives depends on the effectiveness of the U.S. Government in employing the instrument of national power, which are _____
What does the President of the United States provide for national security?
What does the President of the United States provide for national security?
What does the National Military Strategy describe?
What does the National Military Strategy describe?
The statutory members of the National Security Council include:
The statutory members of the National Security Council include:
What is the National Security Council?
What is the National Security Council?
The operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to:
The operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to:
The non-operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to:
The non-operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense and then to:
What is the role of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
What is the role of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
What is a Combatant Command?
What is a Combatant Command?
What is a Joint Task Force?
What is a Joint Task Force?
Which of the following are types of joint force commanders?
Which of the following are types of joint force commanders?
What are Functional Component CDRs examples of?
What are Functional Component CDRs examples of?
What are Subordinate Unified Commands?
What are Subordinate Unified Commands?
Combatant Commanders exercise _____ (command authority) over assigned forces.
Combatant Commanders exercise _____ (command authority) over assigned forces.
The authority to perform functions of command over subordinate forces is known as _____
The authority to perform functions of command over subordinate forces is known as _____
What are the four categories of support?
What are the four categories of support?
Command authority over assigned forces is known as _____
Command authority over assigned forces is known as _____
The command authority that allows one organization to aid another is called _____
The command authority that allows one organization to aid another is called _____
Which of the following are instruments of national power?
Which of the following are instruments of national power?
The relevance of the interagency process at the strategic level to the combatant CDRs and the US military is that it yields major national security policy decisions.
The relevance of the interagency process at the strategic level to the combatant CDRs and the US military is that it yields major national security policy decisions.
What does Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) provide?
What does Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) provide?
What is Annex V in a CCDR's Operation Plan?
What is Annex V in a CCDR's Operation Plan?
The four most basic elements of national power are _____
The four most basic elements of national power are _____
What does Foreign Policy Advisor (POLAD) provide?
What does Foreign Policy Advisor (POLAD) provide?
What does Interagency Coordination involve?
What does Interagency Coordination involve?
Which organization is the principal policy-making forum responsible for the nation's security strategy?
Which organization is the principal policy-making forum responsible for the nation's security strategy?
What are the criticisms of the interagency process?
What are the criticisms of the interagency process?
Which of the following represent the Statutory Advisors of the National Security Council?
Which of the following represent the Statutory Advisors of the National Security Council?
What are the three levels of formal interagency committees within the National Security Council?
What are the three levels of formal interagency committees within the National Security Council?
Who is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense?
Who is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense?
What is the principal forum to advise the President on national security?
What is the principal forum to advise the President on national security?
What does the concept of unified action highlight?
What does the concept of unified action highlight?
What is civil support in the defense community?
What is civil support in the defense community?
Why must the combatant commander coordinate closely with the ambassador?
Why must the combatant commander coordinate closely with the ambassador?
Who is represented on the Country Team by the Department of Defense?
Who is represented on the Country Team by the Department of Defense?
What does JIACG stand for?
What does JIACG stand for?
What type of organizations are NGOs?
What type of organizations are NGOs?
In most situations, IGOs and NGOs need which military capabilities?
In most situations, IGOs and NGOs need which military capabilities?
What does the JTF commander establish to facilitate unified action?
What does the JTF commander establish to facilitate unified action?
A particular type of operation is not doctrinally fixed and could shift within the range of military operations.
A particular type of operation is not doctrinally fixed and could shift within the range of military operations.
The range of military operations includes three categories: (1) military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence; (2) crisis response; and _____
The range of military operations includes three categories: (1) military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence; (2) crisis response; and _____
What are crisis response operations?
What are crisis response operations?
What is the purpose of deterrence?
What is the purpose of deterrence?
The purpose of specifying the _____ is to direct military operations toward a clearly defined goal.
The purpose of specifying the _____ is to direct military operations toward a clearly defined goal.
The purpose of _____ is to concentrate combat power at advantageous places.
The purpose of _____ is to concentrate combat power at advantageous places.
Combatant commanders and subordinate joint force commanders must integrate military actions to promote _____
Combatant commanders and subordinate joint force commanders must integrate military actions to promote _____
The purpose of _____ is to maintain legal and moral authority in operations.
The purpose of _____ is to maintain legal and moral authority in operations.
What does deterrence help prevent?
What does deterrence help prevent?
What does emergency preparedness encompass?
What does emergency preparedness encompass?
Combating terrorism involves which two types of measures?
Combating terrorism involves which two types of measures?
What is enforcement of sanctions?
What is enforcement of sanctions?
What is Special Force Assistance (SFA)?
What is Special Force Assistance (SFA)?
What are show of force operations?
What are show of force operations?
When should planning for stability operations begin?
When should planning for stability operations begin?
Although _____ may be the stronger force posture, it is the _____ that is normally decisive in combat.
Although _____ may be the stronger force posture, it is the _____ that is normally decisive in combat.
Major operation and campaign plans must feature a(n) _____ offensive, defensive, and stability operations.
Major operation and campaign plans must feature a(n) _____ offensive, defensive, and stability operations.
What do joint force commanders strive to isolate enemies from?
What do joint force commanders strive to isolate enemies from?
Preplanned, deterrence-oriented actions are known as _____
Preplanned, deterrence-oriented actions are known as _____
A joint military operation aimed at seizing a military lodgment is called _____
A joint military operation aimed at seizing a military lodgment is called _____
What is the ultimate measure of success in peacebuilding?
What is the ultimate measure of success in peacebuilding?
Who is responsible for planning and coordinating U.S. government efforts in stabilization and reconstruction?
Who is responsible for planning and coordinating U.S. government efforts in stabilization and reconstruction?
Pursuant to Executive Order 12656, who is responsible for the protection of American citizens abroad?
Pursuant to Executive Order 12656, who is responsible for the protection of American citizens abroad?
What are peace enforcement operations?
What are peace enforcement operations?
What is established in foreign humanitarian assistance operations for coordination?
What is established in foreign humanitarian assistance operations for coordination?
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Study Notes
Communication and Leadership in National Defense
- The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff facilitates communication between the President, Secretary of Defense, and Combatant Commanders.
- The operational chain of command and non-operational chain of command follow the same initial structure: from the President to the Secretary of Defense.
National Security Structure
- The National Security Council (NSC) is the main forum for national security policy discussions, comprising the President and senior advisors.
- Statutory members include the President, Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of Energy.
Military Operations and Strategy
- Irregular warfare involves a struggle for legitimacy and influence among state and non-state actors using indirect methods.
- National Military Strategy, outlined by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, focuses on military power distribution to achieve strategic objectives.
Instruments of National Power
- The U.S. employs four main instruments to achieve strategic goals: Diplomatic, Informational, Military, and Economic (DIME).
- Support categories in military operations include General, Mutual, Direct, and Close support.
Joint Forces and Command Structure
- Combatant Commanders (CCDRs) exercise Combatant Command authority, the broadest command authority over assigned forces.
- Joint Task Forces (JTF) are formed for specific missions with limited objectives, dissolving once those objectives are met.
Collaboration and Coordination
- The Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) enhances coordination between U.S. government agencies and military operations.
- The Country Team, including Defense Attaché and Security Cooperation Organization, facilitates rapid interagency interactions in foreign missions.
Humanitarian and Civil Operations
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) frequently provide essential assistance in humanitarian crises and are often on the ground before and after military involvement.
- Civil-Military Operations Centers (CMOCs) are established to enhance collaboration with IGOs and NGOs in humanitarian missions.
Planning and Execution of Military Operations
- Military operations fall into three categories: Military Engagement, Crisis Response, and Major Operations and Campaigns.
- Effective planning integrates offensive, defensive, and stability operations, beginning during joint operation planning.
Peacekeeping and Crisis Management
- Operations for recovery, enforcement of sanctions, and peace enforcement depend on strategic military capabilities applied in coordination with international laws.
- Achieving political goals is a primary yardstick for success in peacekeeping missions.
Multinational Operations
- Addressing motives and values of partner organizations is crucial for effective planning in multinational operations.
- The vetting process increases the legitimacy of operations and necessitates strong relationships with international partners.
National and International Security
- Ensuring security when using local nationals involves safeguarding against espionage risks.
- Emergency preparedness includes planning for continuity in governmental operations during crises affecting national security.### Military Operations and Personnel Management
- Multinational personnel must control, maintain, protect, and account for detainees in compliance with domestic law.
Army Structure and Functions
- Services and Special Operations Commands are organized, trained, and equipped to perform specific military roles.
- Army's primary role: training and equipping for the synchronized application of land combat power.
Special Operations and Humanitarian Role
- Army Special Operations missions include humanitarian assistance, training foreign militaries, and major combat operations.
U.S. Maritime Security Roles
- Fundamental roles of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard:
- Secure the U.S. from direct attacks.
- Ensure strategic access and global freedom of action.
- Strengthen alliances and partnerships.
- Establish favorable security conditions.
Core U.S. Maritime Capabilities
- Core capabilities: forward presence, deterrence, sea and area control, power projection, maritime security, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response.
Marine Corps Operations
- Total Force concept utilized by Marine Corps ensures effective execution using active duty and reserve Marines.
- Marine roles as per Title 10 US code include tactics, techniques, and equipment for amphibious operations.
Aerospace Power Versatility
- Versatility enables aerospace forces to operate effectively at strategic, operational, and tactical levels simultaneously.
Coast Guard Roles
- Key Coast Guard roles include:
- Transfer to Navy for operations.
- Law enforcement and environmental protection.
- Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations.
- Search and rescue missions.
Historical Context of the Army
- The Army traces its origins to colonial America.
- The Army regulations from 1821 detail soldiers' lives and conduct.
- The collapse of the Warsaw Pact in the 1990s shifted the Army's focus to addressing old conflicts.
Union Navy Lessons from History
- Union Navy applied lessons from the Mexican War, such as:
- Seizing ports from the sea.
- Embargoing trade and implementing a blockade.
Technological Advancements in Naval Warfare
- Key advancements against U-boats included long-range reconnaissance planes, escort carriers, advanced sonar-equipped destroyers, direction finding equipment, and anti-submarine weapons.
U.S. Navy Strategy Evolution
- The Navy expanded into expeditionary warfare through strategies like "From the Sea" and "Forward from the Sea."
Integration of Armed Forces
- The Montford Point Marines' role at Saipan was significant for the full integration of the Armed Forces.
Marine Corps Adaptation
- Adaptations of the Marine Corps as an expeditionary force include:
- Amphibious operations and Marine Air-Ground Task Forces (MAGTF).
- Close air support and helicopter-borne vertical envelopment tactics.
Strategic Mobility and Prepositioning
- Prepositioning enables the Marine Corps to sustain brigades for 30 days in potential combat zones through stored materials.
Air Force Development in the 1930s
- Essential developments for an effective air force during the 1930s:
- Clear tactics for air-ground cooperation.
- Comprehensive air warfare doctrine.
Early Air Force Challenges
- Challenges faced by the Air Force in 1947 included:
- Establishing organizations for air operations.
- Transitioning from propeller to jet aircraft.
- Modifying doctrine and tactics for nuclear weapons.
- Developing ballistic missile capabilities.
- Arranging support services previously provided by the Army.
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