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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a seizure from a focal seizure?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a seizure from a focal seizure?
What type of seizure is characterized by impairment of consciousness, sometimes with mild clonic, tonic, myoclonic, or atonic components?
What type of seizure is characterized by impairment of consciousness, sometimes with mild clonic, tonic, myoclonic, or atonic components?
What is the term for a focal seizure that evolves into a generalized seizure?
What is the term for a focal seizure that evolves into a generalized seizure?
What is the term for a sudden, brief loss of awareness during a seizure?
What is the term for a sudden, brief loss of awareness during a seizure?
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Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden, brief loss of muscle tone?
Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden, brief loss of muscle tone?
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What is the term for a seizure that occurs due to a readily reversible cause, such as withdrawal from alcohol or drugs?
What is the term for a seizure that occurs due to a readily reversible cause, such as withdrawal from alcohol or drugs?
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What is the term for a prolonged state of seizure activity, lasting more than 30 minutes?
What is the term for a prolonged state of seizure activity, lasting more than 30 minutes?
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Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden, brief contraction of a muscle or group of muscles?
Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden, brief contraction of a muscle or group of muscles?
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What is the term for a focal seizure that spreads to involve different parts of the limb or body?
What is the term for a focal seizure that spreads to involve different parts of the limb or body?
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Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden loss of awareness, often accompanied by automatisms or other nonmotor symptoms?
Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden loss of awareness, often accompanied by automatisms or other nonmotor symptoms?
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What is the main difference between focal and generalized onset seizures?
What is the main difference between focal and generalized onset seizures?
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What is the term for seizures that are restricted to one cerebral hemisphere?
What is the term for seizures that are restricted to one cerebral hemisphere?
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What is the characteristic of automatisms in focal seizures?
What is the characteristic of automatisms in focal seizures?
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What is the typical pattern of awareness in focal seizures?
What is the typical pattern of awareness in focal seizures?
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What is the significance of electroencephalogram (EEG) in seizure classification?
What is the significance of electroencephalogram (EEG) in seizure classification?
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What is the characteristic of absence seizures?
What is the characteristic of absence seizures?
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What is the term for seizures that originate in, or spread to rapidly involve, bilateral cortical networks?
What is the term for seizures that originate in, or spread to rapidly involve, bilateral cortical networks?
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What is the characteristic of tonic-clonic seizures?
What is the characteristic of tonic-clonic seizures?
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What is the significance of mental status abnormalities or focal neurologic symptoms in seizure disorders?
What is the significance of mental status abnormalities or focal neurologic symptoms in seizure disorders?
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What is the definition of epilepsy?
What is the definition of epilepsy?
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Study Notes
Seizure Disorders
- Seizure disorders include focal, generalized, and special types of seizures.
Focal Seizures
- Affect only part of the brain.
- Classified by motor or non-motor onset and by whether consciousness is impaired.
- Focal seizures with motor onset include:
- Clonic
- Tonic
- Atonic
- Myoclonic
- Hyperkinetic
- Automatisms
- Focal seizures with non-motor onset include:
- Sensory symptoms (paresthesias or tingling, gustatory, olfactory, visual or auditory sensations)
- Behavior arrest (stopping activity abruptly; walking)
- Cognitive symptoms (speech arrest, déjà vu, jamais vu)
- Emotional symptoms (fear)
- Autonomic symptoms or signs (abnormal epigastric sensations, sweating, flushing, pupillary dilation)
Generalized Seizures
- Thought to originate in, or spread to rapidly involve, bilateral cortical networks.
- Classified into:
- Motor features
- Non-motor features
- Awareness is typically lost with generalized seizures.
- May be retained in briefest absence attacks and some myoclonic seizures.
Generalized Nonmotor (Absence) Seizures
- Characterized by impairment of consciousness, sometimes with mild clonic, tonic, myoclonic, or atonic components.
- Onset and termination of attacks are abrupt.
- Impairment of external awareness is brief, and the patient is unaware of it.
- Absence seizures almost always begin in childhood, frequently cease by age 20 or are replaced by other forms of generalized seizure.
Generalized Motor Seizures
- Types of generalized motor seizures include:
- Tonic-clonic
- Clonic
- Tonic
- Myoclonic
- Myoclonic-tonic-clonic
- Myoclonic-atonic
- Atonic
- During tonic-clonic seizures, there is sudden loss of consciousness, the patient becomes rigid and falls to the ground, and respiration is arrested (Tonic phase).
Epilepsy
- Denotes recurrent unprovoked seizures.
- Patients with recurrent seizures provoked by a readily reversible cause (e.g. withdrawal from alcohol or drugs, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or uremia) are not considered to have epilepsy.
Classification of Seizures
- The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) distinguishes seizures as focal or generalized.
Seizure Disorders
- Seizure disorders include focal, generalized, and special types of seizures.
Focal Seizures
- Affect only part of the brain.
- Classified by motor or non-motor onset and by whether consciousness is impaired.
- Focal seizures with motor onset include:
- Clonic
- Tonic
- Atonic
- Myoclonic
- Hyperkinetic
- Automatisms
- Focal seizures with non-motor onset include:
- Sensory symptoms (paresthesias or tingling, gustatory, olfactory, visual or auditory sensations)
- Behavior arrest (stopping activity abruptly; walking)
- Cognitive symptoms (speech arrest, déjà vu, jamais vu)
- Emotional symptoms (fear)
- Autonomic symptoms or signs (abnormal epigastric sensations, sweating, flushing, pupillary dilation)
Generalized Seizures
- Thought to originate in, or spread to rapidly involve, bilateral cortical networks.
- Classified into:
- Motor features
- Non-motor features
- Awareness is typically lost with generalized seizures.
- May be retained in briefest absence attacks and some myoclonic seizures.
Generalized Nonmotor (Absence) Seizures
- Characterized by impairment of consciousness, sometimes with mild clonic, tonic, myoclonic, or atonic components.
- Onset and termination of attacks are abrupt.
- Impairment of external awareness is brief, and the patient is unaware of it.
- Absence seizures almost always begin in childhood, frequently cease by age 20 or are replaced by other forms of generalized seizure.
Generalized Motor Seizures
- Types of generalized motor seizures include:
- Tonic-clonic
- Clonic
- Tonic
- Myoclonic
- Myoclonic-tonic-clonic
- Myoclonic-atonic
- Atonic
- During tonic-clonic seizures, there is sudden loss of consciousness, the patient becomes rigid and falls to the ground, and respiration is arrested (Tonic phase).
Epilepsy
- Denotes recurrent unprovoked seizures.
- Patients with recurrent seizures provoked by a readily reversible cause (e.g. withdrawal from alcohol or drugs, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or uremia) are not considered to have epilepsy.
Classification of Seizures
- The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) distinguishes seizures as focal or generalized.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification and types of seizure disorders, including focal and generalized seizures, and epilepsy. Learn about the different characteristics and symptoms of each type.
