Seismology: Wave Types and Motions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that affects seismic wave velocities?

  • Pore fluid
  • Lithification
  • Cementation
  • Porosity (correct)
  • What happens to seismic wave propagation when forced through a fluid?

  • It stops completely
  • It remains unchanged
  • It becomes more efficient
  • It becomes less efficient (correct)
  • What is the effect of pore saturation on P-wave and S-wave velocities?

  • They increase (correct)
  • They become zero
  • They decrease
  • They remain unchanged
  • What is the process by which unconsolidated sediments become consolidated through compaction and cementation?

    <p>Lithification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is P-wave velocity less impacted by porosity when the pore space is saturated?

    <p>Because P-wave velocity is larger in water and oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves are unable to propagate through fluids?

    <p>S-waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of particle motion in Love waves?

    <p>Parallel to the Earth's surface and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and density of a rock?

    <p>Mineralogy and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rocks have relatively large seismic velocities?

    <p>Igneous, metamorphic, carbonate, and anhydrite rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motion do particles exhibit in prograde seismic waves?

    <p>Same direction as the propagating wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are P-wave and S-wave velocities measured for a given rock?

    <p>By using piezometric transducers on a core sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do soils and sedimentary rocks have lower seismic velocities?

    <p>Due to their tendency to deform under compressional and shear stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the speed of seismic wave propagation through different mediums?

    <p>Both elastic properties and density of the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the internal reaction of a body to an external force applied over its cross-sectional area?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stress is caused by a compressive force?

    <p>Compressive stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the change in volume and/or shape of a material when a mechanical force is applied?

    <p>Strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the energy transfer that occurs when elastic deformations propagate away from the source?

    <p>Energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the propagation of elastic energy through the earth in different ways and at different speeds?

    <p>Seismic wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

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