Seedless Plants Overview
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the multicellular haploid organism called in the alternation of generations?

  • Embryo
  • Zygote
  • Gametophyte (correct)
  • Sporophyte

Which process leads to the formation of spores in seedless plants?

  • Mitosis
  • Gametogenesis
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Fertilization

In ferns, what is the structure that contains the sporangium?

  • Sorus (correct)
  • Gametophore
  • Capsule
  • Rhizoid

During which stage does fertilization occur in the life cycle of mosses?

<p>Zygote development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the zygote after fertilization in seedless plants?

<p>It develops into a sporophyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction is involved in the generation of gametes?

<p>Meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sperm develop in the moss life cycle?

<p>Antheridia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rhizoids in both mosses and ferns?

<p>Supporting structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lifecycle pattern do seedless plants exhibit?

<p>Alternation of generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to spores after they are released from the sporangium?

<p>They enter the gametophyte stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which generation is dominant in nonvascular plants?

<p>Gametophyte generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vascular tissue is absent in liverworts?

<p>Both xylem and phloem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of spore production results in two different types of spores?

<p>Heterosporous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures do hornworts lack that is present in other bryophytes?

<p>Setae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dominance of sporophytes in seedless vascular plants?

<p>Sporophyte is dominant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sporophylls in seedless vascular plants?

<p>Production of sporangia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do ferns differ from horsetails?

<p>Ferns possess megaphylls; horsetails have small rings of leaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant survival method is associated with hornworts?

<p>Symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about club mosses?

<p>They are all considered seedless vascular plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural characteristic is found in ferns but not in whisk ferns?

<p>Megaphylls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alternation of Generations

A life cycle in plants that involves two distinct generations: a haploid gametophyte generation and a diploid sporophyte generation.

Gametophyte

The haploid multicellular stage of a plant life cycle that produces gametes (sperm and egg).

Sporophyte

The diploid multicellular stage of a plant life cycle that produces spores.

Spores

Reproductive cells produced by the sporophyte generation, which develop into new gametophytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing spores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fertilization

The fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a diploid zygote.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moss Life Cycle

A type of plant life cycle characterized by a dominant, independent gametophyte and a smaller, dependent sporophyte.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fern Life Cycle

A type of plant life cycle characterized by a dominant, independent sporophyte and a smaller, independent gametophyte in the form of a prothallus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antheridium

Structure on the male gametophyte that produces sperm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Archegonium

Structure on the female gametophyte that produces eggs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonvascular plants

Plants without vascular tissue, true leaves, and roots. Gametophytes are the dominant generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bryophytes

A large group of nonvascular plants including mosses, with stomata and setae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular seedless plants

Plants with vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), true leaves and roots. Sporophytes are the dominant generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homosporous

Produces one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heterosporous

Produces two types of spores: megaspores (female) and microspores (male).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lycophytes

A group of seedless vascular plants including club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts, that can be homosporous or heterosporous.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monilophytes

A group of seedless vascular plants including ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sporophylls

Modified leaves containing sporangia (structures that produce spores).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Megaphylls

Large leaves found in some ferns. They have a complex branching pattern.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sporangia

Structures in plants that produce spores.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Seedless Plants

  • Seedless plants are a diverse group encompassing nonvascular and vascular types.
  • Nonvascular plants (Bryophytes) lack vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, which are needed for efficient water transport.
  • Vascular plants possess xylem and phloem for efficient water and nutrient transport throughout the plant, enabling greater size and complexity.
  • Seedless vascular plants include Lycophytes, Monilophytes.

Phyla of Extant Plants

  • Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes) include Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts.
  • Vascular Plants (Seedless) include Lycophytes, Monilophytes.
  • Seed Plants (Gymnosperms) include Ginkgos, Cycads, Gnetophytes, and Conifers.
  • Seed Plants (Angiosperms) include Flowering Plants.

Seedless Plant Origins

  • Plants likely originated from green algae approximately 470 million years ago.
  • Vascular plants evolved about 425 million years ago.
  • Seed plants arose about 360 million years ago.

Alternation of Generations

  • Land plants exhibit an alternation of generations life cycle.
  • A diploid multicellular organism (sporophyte) produces haploid spores by meiosis.
  • Each spore develops into a haploid multicellular organism (gametophyte) via mitosis.
  • Gametes produced by the gametophyte fuse during fertilization, forming a diploid zygote that develops into a new sporophyte.

Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes):

  • Gametophytes are the dominant generation in nonvascular plants.
  • Nonvascular plants lack true tissues, leaves, and roots, and have rhizoids instead of true roots.
  • Nonvascular plants are small and depend on water for reproduction.

Bryophyta (Mosses)

  • A large group of plants (15,000 species).
  • Possess seta and stomata.
  • Can survive in diverse habitats.

Hepatophyta (Liverworts)

  • A large group of plants (9,000 species).
  • Have a thallus body structure.
  • Setae and stomata are absent.

Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)

  • Small group of plants (100 species).
  • Stomata present, setae absent.
  • Form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Vascular Seedless Plants (Lycophyta, Monilophyta):

  • Sporophytes are the dominant generation
  • Have well-developed vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
  • Well-developed roots, stems and leaves
  • Lycophytes (1200 species) include club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
  • Monilophytes (12,000 species) include ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns.
  • Sporophylls bear sporangia, producing spores.
  • Homosporous plants produce one type of spore; heterosporous plants produce two types of spores.

Ferns

  • Ferns (Monilophyta) are the most widespread of the seedless vascular plants.
  • Ferns have megaphylls.
  • Ferns typically bear sori on the underside of their fronds.
  • Sori contain sporangia that produce spores.
  • Fern gametophytes are small, heart-shaped structures called prothalli.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Seedless Plants Slides PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of seedless plants, including nonvascular and vascular types. Learn about the classifications, origins, and key characteristics of various plant groups such as Bryophytes, Lycophytes, and Monilophytes. This quiz will test your knowledge of the diversity and importance of seedless plants in the ecosystem.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser