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Questions and Answers
What term is used to describe the loss of axonal continuity without disruption of the fascicular connective tissue elements?
What term is used to describe the loss of axonal continuity without disruption of the fascicular connective tissue elements?
Which type of nerve injury is characterized by disruption of the entire nerve and severe damage to the connective tissue components?
Which type of nerve injury is characterized by disruption of the entire nerve and severe damage to the connective tissue components?
Who further stratified Seddon's three types of nerve injury into five categories according to severity?
Who further stratified Seddon's three types of nerve injury into five categories according to severity?
Which of the following injuries is equivalent to Seddon's axonotmesis in Sunderland's classification?
Which of the following injuries is equivalent to Seddon's axonotmesis in Sunderland's classification?
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What type of injury has a prognosis for spontaneous recovery that is extremely suboptimal without surgical intervention?
What type of injury has a prognosis for spontaneous recovery that is extremely suboptimal without surgical intervention?
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What did world wars notably contribute to in terms of knowledge advancement?
What did world wars notably contribute to in terms of knowledge advancement?
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What term did Seddon use to describe the mildest type of nerve injury?
What term did Seddon use to describe the mildest type of nerve injury?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Seddon's described types of nerve injury?
Which of the following is NOT one of Seddon's described types of nerve injury?
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What does 'praxis' mean in the term 'neurapraxia'?
What does 'praxis' mean in the term 'neurapraxia'?
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In neurapraxia, what happens to nerve fibers?
In neurapraxia, what happens to nerve fibers?
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Which individual first coined the terms axonotmesis and neurotmesis?
Which individual first coined the terms axonotmesis and neurotmesis?
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How does sensory recovery typically occur in nerve injuries classified under axonotmesis?
How does sensory recovery typically occur in nerve injuries classified under axonotmesis?
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Study Notes
Seddon's Classification Scheme for Peripheral Nerve Injury
- Seddon's classification scheme describes three types of nerve injury: neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis, based on severity of tissue injury, prognosis, and time for recovery.
- Neurapraxia is the mildest type, referring to a block to conduction of nerve impulses without disruption of the axon or perineurium.
- In neurapraxia, nerve fibers are unable to conduct an action potential despite axonal continuity, with complete return of sensation or function expected within hours, days, weeks, or up to a few months.
- Axonotmesis refers to loss of axonal continuity without associated disruption of the fascicular connective tissue elements, commonly seen in crush injuries.
- In axonotmesis, the axon and its myelin sheath are broken, yet the surrounding connective tissue framework remains partially or fully intact.
- Neurotmesis describes the most severe injury type, with disruption of the entire nerve and severe disruption of the connective tissue components of the nerve trunk, resulting in compromised sensory and functional recovery.
- Examples of neurotmesis include sharp injury, some traction injuries, or injection of noxious drugs, with extremely poor prognosis for spontaneous recovery without surgical intervention.
Sunderland's Classification Scheme
- Sunderland's classification scheme further stratifies Seddon's three injury types into five categories according to severity of the injury.
- First-degree injury is equivalent to Seddon's neurapraxia.
- Second, third, and fourth-degree injuries are equivalent to Seddon's axonotmesis, differing in degree of mesenchymal damage to the nerve.
- Fifth-degree injury is equivalent to Seddon's neurotmesis.
Importance of Anatomy and Classification in Peripheral Nerve Injury
- Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are a challenge to clinicians, requiring a thorough understanding of anatomy, pathophysiology of nerve injury, and reconstructive options.
- Seddon's and Sunderland's classification schemes help clinicians and neuroscientists in further studies on management and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Description
Explore Seddon's classification scheme for peripheral nerve injuries based on his studies and observations during World War II. Learn about the three types of nerve injury - neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis.
