Secondary Needs in Organizational Behavior
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Secondary Needs in Organizational Behavior

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Questions and Answers

Which need is primarily associated with having a secure job?

  • Need for Affiliation
  • Need for Achievement
  • Need for Status
  • Need for Security (correct)

    • What is an example of the need for power?

  • Participating in pleasant social activities
  • Attaining or surpassing a difficult goal
  • Controlling people and activities (correct)
  • Being liked by many people

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the need for achievement?

  • Doing better than competitors
  • Solving a complex problem
  • Carrying out a challenging assignment successfully
  • Being accepted as part of a group (correct)

    • What is more strongly related to performance and satisfaction according to the findings?

    <p>When rewards are contingent on performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the need for status manifest?

    <p>Living in the right neighborhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these reflects the need for affiliation?

    <p>Maintaining harmonious relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect do Porter and Lawler suggest managers need to pay attention to beyond traditional attitude measurements?

    <p>The values of possible rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables did Porter and Lawler emphasize as important for understanding employee performance?

    <p>The accuracy of role perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the need for power?

    <p>Being in a position of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Porter and Lawler recommend organizations should critically reevaluate?

    <p>Current reward policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of the need for security?

    <p>Being protected against physical harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the findings, what should management encourage employees to focus on for better performance?

    <p>High-impact behaviors and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need involves influencing people to change their attitudes?

    <p>Need for Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the motivation for obtaining physiological needs once they are satisfied?

    <p>Motivation shifts to higher-level needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of Maslow's hierarchy is primarily concerned with emotional and physical security?

    <p>Safety needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term does Maslow use that may have misleading connotations for his third level of needs?

    <p>Love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

    <p>The need for power, achievement, and status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Maslow characterize self-actualization?

    <p>As fulfillment of all lower needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible better term for 'love needs' that Maslow suggests?

    <p>Affiliation needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does self-actualization closely relate to according to Maslow?

    <p>The self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which need primarily motivates individuals after their physiological and safety needs have been met?

    <p>Love needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dual aspects does esteem needs contain according to Maslow?

    <p>Self-esteem and esteem from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Maslow imply about person's drive after achieving self-actualization?

    <p>They continuously seek new experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of severance pay programs and outplacement services in organizations?

    <p>To alleviate emotional responses during layoffs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological concept is closely associated with Maslow's Pyramid?

    <p>Two-Factor Theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of work motivation does Maslow's theory primarily address?

    <p>Hierarchy of needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Herzberg use to gather data for his motivational study?

    <p>Critical incident method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first level of Aon Consulting's Performance Pyramid?

    <p>Safety and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Maslow's hierarchy of needs considered a significant contribution to understanding motivation?

    <p>It has remained relevant over time in motivation studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of professionals were the subjects of Herzberg's motivational study?

    <p>Engineers and accountants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The resurgence of interest in psychology mentioned correlates most with which psychological approach?

    <p>Humanistic psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an aspect included in Aon Consulting's Performance Pyramid?

    <p>Financial stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has Maslow's theory been revitalized in modern contexts?

    <p>Through various adaptations and hierarchies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary premise of the Porter and Lawler model regarding motivation?

    <p>Motivation does not equal satisfaction or performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Porter-Lawler model, what follows performance that influences satisfaction?

    <p>Rewards and their perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social psychologists influenced the concepts in the Porter-Lawler model?

    <p>Kurt Lewin and Edward Tolman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is mentioned as moderating the relationship between effort and performance in the Porter-Lawler model?

    <p>Abilities and traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant reversal does the Porter-Lawler model suggest compared to traditional wisdom?

    <p>Performance leads to satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect was emphasized in the research that supports the Porter-Lawler model?

    <p>The importance of rewards in performance-satisfaction relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Porter-Lawler model describe the relationship among motivation, performance, and satisfaction?

    <p>They relate in complex and separate ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Porter-Lawler model, what does 'effort' refer to?

    <p>The motivation or force applied by an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field study related to the Porter-Lawler model reveal about individual performance?

    <p>Effort level and its direction are important to explain performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major conclusion drawn from the research supporting the Porter-Lawler model?

    <p>Rewards significantly influence the relationship between performance and satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Secondary Needs in Organizational Behavior

    • Security and Status are considered important secondary motives in organizational behavior.
    • Need for Achievement:
      • Outperforming competitors.
      • Achieving or exceeding difficult goals.
      • Successfully completing complex tasks or challenges.
      • Developing innovative solutions.
    • Need for Security:
      • Having a secure job.
      • Protection from financial loss.
      • Safeguarding against health risks and disabilities.
      • Avoiding situations with potential for failure and blame.
    • Need for Power:
      • Influencing others to change their behavior or attitudes.
      • Being in control of people and activities.
      • Possessing authority over others.
      • Exercising control over information and resources.
      • Overcoming opponents or rivals.
    • Need for Status:
      • Possessing material possessions that signify success.
      • Working for prestigious companies or in desirable roles.
      • Earning degrees from prestigious institutions.
      • Residing in affluent neighborhoods.
      • Belonging to exclusive social circles.
    • Need for Affiliation:
      • Being liked and accepted by others.
      • Feeling part of a group or team.
      • Working with friendly and cooperative people.
      • Maintaining harmonious relationships.
      • Participating in enjoyable social activities.

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    • Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs like food, water, sleep, and shelter.
    • Safety Needs:
      • Security, stability, and protection from harm.
      • Seek safety and protection from external and internal threats.
    • Love Needs:
      • Belonging, affection, and being part of a group.
      • Desire for social connections and relationships.
    • Esteem Needs:
      • Respect, confidence, and self-worth.
      • Need for recognition and accomplishment.
      • Involves both self-esteem (feeling good about oneself) and esteem from others (recognition and respect).
    • Self-Actualization Needs:
      • The drive to realize one's full potential.
      • Seeking meaning, growth, and fulfillment.
      • Transcending self-limitations and achieving personal goals.

    Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

    • Hygiene Factors:
      • These factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not, in themselves, contribute to motivation.
      • Examples: company policies, salary, job security, working conditions, relationships with supervisors and peers.
    • Motivator Factors:
      • These factors lead to increased satisfaction and motivation.
      • Examples: achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, growth opportunities.

    Porter-Lawler Model

    • Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance:
      • These are distinct variables, not directly equivalent, but are interconnected.
    • Effort and Performance:
      • Effort is moderated by abilities, traits, and role perceptions.
    • Performance and Rewards:
      • Rewards following performance influence satisfaction.
      • Rewards are more effective when contingent upon performance.
    • Role Perceptions:
      • Clear understanding of role expectations and responsibilities is crucial for performance.
    • Implications for Practice:
      • Measures employee values and perceptions about rewards.
      • Reviews reward policies to ensure they are aligned with performance.
      • Focuses on improving role clarity.
      • Encourages employees to focus on high-impact behaviors.

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    Description

    Explore the role of secondary needs such as security, achievement, power, and status within the context of organizational behavior. This quiz delves into how these motives influence employee performance and organizational dynamics. Test your understanding of how these needs shape organizational culture and individual behavior.

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