Second-Wave Feminism: Activism and Key Issues

Study Notes

Second-Wave Feminism

Second-wave feminism is a period of intense activism from the late 1960s through the early '80s where feminist groups pushed for changes in laws and social norms regarding gender roles and relationships. It was influenced by the civil rights movement and new left movements during this time. Key aspects of second-wave feminism included campaigns for gender equality, women's liberation, reproductive rights, equal pay between men and women, and recognition of diverse forms of female sexuality and gender identities. These issues were central to the movement's call for systemic change.

Gender Equality

The concept of gender equality underpinned much of the second-wave feminists' work. Women faced unequal treatment in various spheres such as employment, education, and politics due to traditional expectations that they would stay home and take care of children while working outside the house if necessary. By demanding equal opportunities and pay, these activists sought to challenge these assumptions and create more fairness for all individuals regardless of their sex.

Women's Liberation Movement

One branch of second-wave feminism focused specifically on Women's Liberation Movements, sometimes referred to as radical feminism. This faction aimed to eliminate patriarchy—the domination of men over women—and looked critically at societal practices and institutions that perpetuated male dominance. They fought against objectification and exploitation of women, advocated for the right to control one's own body, and worked towards ending violence against women.

Reproductive Rights

A primary concern for many second-wave feminists was access to safe and legal abortion services along with contraception options. Before Roe v Wade in 1973, U.S. states began introducing liberalized abortion policies and increased public support after grassroots organizations like NOW mobilized around women's health issues. Control over reproduction allowed women more autonomy in decisions related to pregnancy and family planning.

Equal Pay Campaigns

In the workplace, second-wave feminists demanded equal wages for comparable work done by both sexes. Lawsuits brought forth by groups such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) highlighted discrepancies in salaries paid based solely on gender rather than performance or qualifications. This effort contributed to legislating pay equity and improving conditions within corporations.

Female Sexuality and Gender Identity Recognition

The notion that there could be other ways of being human besides heterosexual masculinity or conventional femininity opened up space for discussions on diversity within the LGBTQ+ community. Rather than conforming only to restrictive stereotypes, people had freedom to express themselves uniquely according to who they truly were. LGBTQ+ rights became part of the broader struggle against oppression experienced by marginalized communities.

Conclusion

As we continue navigating our society today, it's vital to understand how far-reaching effects of second-wave feminism have been. While significant progress has been made since its peak years, ongoing challenges remain. Awareness of past struggles helps us appreciate present achievements while keeping eyes firmly fixed on future goals.

Description

Explore the intense activism of second-wave feminism from the late 1960s to early '80s, focusing on gender equality, women's liberation, reproductive rights, equal pay campaigns, and recognition of diverse female sexuality and gender identities. Learn about the movement's influence, key aspects, and ongoing relevance in today's society.