Second Periodical Test Review Points

Second Periodical Test Review Points

• Copper and aluminum are used in cooking utensils due to their heat conductivity.
• Oxygen and magnesium share electrons in their chemical bonding.
• Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water due to weak bonding.
• Examples of organic compounds include vinegar, liquefied petroleum gas, and nail polish remover.
• Organic compounds always contain carbon and can be produced naturally or artificially.
• Butane (C₄H₁₀), a hydrocarbon, has 4 carbon and 10 hydrogen atoms.
• The presence of double bonds is a key characteristic of alkenes.
• Cooking gas (LPG) is a mixture of propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀).
• Isomers have the same functional groups but different connectivity.
• Propene (C₃H₆) has a double bond within the molecule.
• Calcium carbide reacting with water produces acetylene, used for metal melting.
• Carbonyl compounds have applications as cleaning agents, preservatives, and embalming agents.
• Carbon monoxide is a toxic byproduct of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion.
• Acetone (C₃H₆O) is a solvent used in the pharmaceutical industry.
• Kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas are highly flammable organic compounds.
• Kerosene can be used for cooking.
• Lubricating oil reduces friction in bicycle ball bearings.
• One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ particles (Avogadro's number).
• Moles are used to calculate the amount of a substance.
• Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) has a formula mass of 106 g/mol.
• Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) has 31.6% phosphorus by mass.
• Molecular mass is used to describe covalent compounds.
• Acetone ((CH₃)₂CO) has a molecular mass of 58 g/mol.
• A silicon chip has 6.2 grams and 0.22 moles of silicon, with 1.3 x 10^-22 atoms.
• Molar mass is the sum of molar masses of elements in a compound.
• Water (H₂O) has a molecular mass of 18 g/mol; 6 grams of water contains 0.33 moles.