Second Language Acquisition Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) primarily contain?

Cultural language expressions

Random language patterns

Language-specific rules

Built-in universal linguistic principles (correct)

How do errors produced by L2 learners differ from native speakers' errors?

L2 learner errors are systematic and rule-governed (correct)

L2 learner errors are random and unstructured

L2 learners do not make errors

Native speaker errors are always minor

What term is used to refer to the linguistic system of non-native grammars?

Interlanguage grammars (correct)

Universal Grammar

Dialectical Grammars

Semantic Language Structure

What does Universal Grammar (UG) provide in the context of second language acquisition?

A best perspective for understanding second language acquisition Signup and view all the answers

According to the linguistic approaches discussed, which of the following statements is true about L2 learners?

They represent the language they are acquiring with a complex linguistic system Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes successive bilingualism?

Acquisition of a second language after age 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence second language acquisition in successive bilingualism?

Physical health Signup and view all the answers

How do children generally acquire their second language in successive bilingualism?

Through actively hypothesizing rules and analyzing patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of cognitive maturity on language learning mentioned in the content?

Cognitive maturity can enhance understanding of complex vocabulary and concepts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a motivation-related factor affecting second language acquisition?

Interest in the culture associated with the language Signup and view all the answers

Why is age considered an important factor in second language acquisition?

Younger learners generally have an easier time with speech-sound development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contrasts younger and older language learners based on cognitive abilities?

Older learners develop a robust understanding of emotional vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

What role does self-confidence play in second language acquisition?

It boosts the ability to use and practice the new language Signup and view all the answers

What does Connectionism focus on in the context of cognitive approaches?

The general study of memory and learning Signup and view all the answers

Who are some prominent theorists associated with cognitive processes in language acquisition?

John Anderson and Barry McLaughlin Signup and view all the answers

What do cognitive psychologists argue regarding the nature of language acquisition?

It can be understood using general learning theories Signup and view all the answers

Which model is associated with fluency and automaticity in cognitive processes?

ACT Model Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do metacognitive and cognitive strategies focus on?

Learners' ability to spontaneously use their language knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What does the assumption regarding language imply about human sensitivity?

Humans are sensitive to vocabulary frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What serious implication does the content suggest for teaching language?

Understanding vocabulary frequencies is essential for learning. Signup and view all the answers

What role does imitation play in the behaviorist approach to language learning?

It serves as a method for pattern recognition. Signup and view all the answers

How can language learners utilize their linguistic input according to the content?

They can extract patterns to create understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of behaviorist theories in language learning?

Focus on systematic imitation and reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a method for improving language learning in the classroom?

Engaging students in repetitive and positive reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of language learning is highlighted as being sensitive to frequency of usage?

Vocabulary and event frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What should teachers focus on to enhance language acquisition according to behaviorist principles?

Incorporating imitation and reinforcement into practices. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily emphasized by connectionism in language acquisition?

The role of environment and interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the language that is available to a learner through various mediums?

Input Signup and view all the answers

What does innatism suggest about the environment's role in language acquisition?

It has only a basic contribution to language learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a medium of language input mentioned?

Writing Signup and view all the answers

How do cognitive psychologists generally view the role of the environment in language acquisition?

As essential and abundant in necessary knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which linguistic approach attributes a lesser role to innate knowledge in comparison to environmental exposure?

Connectionism Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect that input must fulfill for effective language acquisition?

It must be available through various formats. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of language does 'syntax' refer to?

The grammatical structure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Successive Bilingualism

Refers to children acquiring a second language after the age of 3.
Resembles first language development through active hypothesis formulation and error revision.

Factors Influencing Second Language Acquisition

Learner Characteristics:
- Age: Younger learners often perform better; exposure before age 6 enhances speech development.
- Cognitive Abilities: Children need cognitive maturity to fully grasp concepts like emotions.
- Personality: Traits influence willingness to engage in learning.
- Motivation: Intrinsic motivation significantly impacts learning success.
- Self-Confidence: Affects the ability to utilize learned vocabulary.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Comprises universal principles applicable to all languages, supporting the theory of Universal Grammar (UG) for understanding second language acquisition.

Linguistic Approaches to Second Language Acquisition

Native-speaker grammars adhere to Universal Grammar, while learner grammars are classified as interlanguage grammars.
Errors in L2 learner language are systematic, indicating rule-governed behavior rather than random mistakes.

Cognitive Approaches

Connectionism: Examines memory and learning patterns, highlighting language sensitivity to frequency of usage.
Fluency and Automaticity: Explored through models like the ACT Model and information-processing approaches.
Metacognitive Strategies: Effective strategies include planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning processes.

Cognitive Approach to Second Language Acquisition

Challenges the need for a language-specific acquisition module; proposes that general learning theories can explain language complexity.
Learning can be gradual, with a focus on frequency and pattern extraction from linguistic input.

Role of Input, Output, and Interaction

Input: Essential for language acquisition; encompasses all forms of language exposure (listening, reading, gestures).
Input is crucial but not necessarily sufficient or efficient for all learners.

Environment's Impact

Connectionism emphasizes environmental contributions over innate knowledge; it is essential for learners to be exposed to ample spoken and written language contexts.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts in second language acquisition, focusing on successive bilingualism, factors influencing learning, and the role of the Language Acquisition Device. Understand how age, motivation, and cognitive abilities affect language learning for children.