Seawater vs. Blood Composition

What is the approximate percentage of dissolved solids in seawater?

Which of these ions is significantly more abundant in blood than in seawater?

Why is extracting gold from seawater considered unfeasible?

In a solution of sugar and water, what determines which substance is the solvent?

Which of the following best describes a 'dilute' solution?

What term describes a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature?

According to the principle 'like dissolves like', which solvent is iodine ($I_2$) more likely to dissolve in?

What is the correct formula for calculating molarity (M)?

If you have 0.500 L of solution containing 0.24 mol of NaOH, what is the molarity of the solution?

To prepare a solution of a specific molarity from a solid solute, what is the first step?

How is molality (m) defined?

A metal piece contains 87.9 g of Fe in a 113 g sample. What is the mass percentage of Fe in the metal?

What is the concentration of Pb in parts per thousand (ppth) if 0.6 g of Pb is present in 277 g of solution?

If a solution of $CaCl_2$ is labeled as 1 M, what is the concentration of $Cl^−(aq)$ in the solution?

Which process involves decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent?

In the dilution equation ($M_1V_1 = M_2V_2$), what quantity remains constant before and after the change in concentration?

A 2.19 M solution with an initial volume of 25.0 mL is diluted to 72.8 mL. What is the final concentration?

What is the primary use of concentration as a conversion factor in stoichiometry problems?

If you need to determine the mass of NaOH present in 0.765 L of 1.93 M NaOH, what additional information do you require?

What is the purpose of performing a titration experiment?

What are colligative properties dependent on?

What is the range of possible values for mole fraction?

A solution contains 12.0 g of $C_{10}H_8$ in 45.0 g of $C_6H_6$. What is the mole fraction of $C_{10}H_8$?

What colligative property is described by Raoult's law?

How does the addition of a nonvolatile solute affect the boiling point of a solution?

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating boiling point elevation?

What is the effect of solute particles on the freezing point of a solution?

What is the definition of a semipermeable membrane?

What is the driving force behind osmosis?

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating osmotic pressure?

Why should intravenous fluids have approximately the same osmotic pressure as blood serum?

Why is drinking seawater dangerous?

What is the van't Hoff factor ($i$)?

Which of these compounds would you expect to have the largest van't Hoff factor in an aqueous solution?

In practice, why is the actual van't Hoff factor often less than the ideal van't Hoff factor?

How does the inclusion of the van't Hoff factor modify the freezing point depression formula?

Is the common culinary practice of adding a small amount of salt to water purportedly to raise its boiling point scientifically sound?

Consider two separate aqueous solutions with equal molalities: one with NaCl and the other with $CaCl_2$. If all other factors are identical, which solution exhibits the lower vapor pressure and why? Assume complete disassociation.

Imagine you're stranded on a (deserted fictional) island, with access to a lab containing tons of random chemicals. You're dehydrated and need drinking water. You have a large container of seawater. There are two processes you could use to obtain pure drinking water from it. Process 1: Boil the seawater and collect the condensed water. Process 2: Use reverse osmosis, applying high pressure to push water through a semipermeable membrane, separating it from the salt. Considering that all seawater and end-product water produced will eventually drain back into the island's water table (and eventually back into the ocean due to a crack in the island's rock bed), which would have the least impact on the long run drinkability on the the island, assuming both processes produce the same amount of drinking water?