SEA CENGR 2220: Geology for Civil Engineers Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the type of earthquake with its corresponding cause:

Tectonic Earthquake = Geological pressures on rocks and adjoining plates Volcanic Earthquake = Volcanic activity Explosion Earthquake = Chemical or nuclear device explosion Collapse Earthquake = Caverns or mine collapses underground

Match the location where aftershocks may occur with their description:

Same fault as main shock = Regions ruptured in the main shock Different fault from main shock = Regions not ruptured in the main shock Residual stress release = Explanation for aftershocks occurring in different regions Physical and chemical changes in rocks = Tectonic earthquake occurrence

Match the earthquake prospecting method with its description:

Prospecting = Field search for mineral deposits Seismic Prospecting = Conducted on land or at sea Mineral deposit search objective = Economic development through mining operations Seismic waves utilized for exploration = Seismic prospecting method

Match the Earth's layer with its composition:

Inner Core = Solid iron and nickel Outer Core = Liquid iron and nickel Lower Mantle = Silicate minerals in solid state Transition Zone = Changes in mineral structures under high-pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological evidence with the concept it supports:

Identical Rocks Found on Both Sides of Atlantic Ocean = Continental Drift Mountain Ranges = Continental Drift Fossils in Certain Locations = Paleontology Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientific process with its outcome:

Movement of Molten Metal in Outer Core = Generates Earth's magnetic field High Temperature in Inner Core = Keeps iron and nickel in solid state Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

Continental Drift = Early theory describing the movement of continents over time Geodynamo = Process generating Earth's magnetic field through movement of molten metal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological processes with their impacts on landscapes:

Rivers = Erode, transport, and deposit sediments Wind = Shapes landforms and transports particles Sea = Contributes to coastal erosion and sedimentation Volcanoes = Form new landmasses through lava deposition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fault types with their descriptions:

Normal faults = The block above the fault moves down relative to the block below the fault Reverse faults = The block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault Thrust faults = Horizontal movement of blocks along a fault Strike-slip faults = Horizontal movement caused by shearing forces Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Earth's outermost layer movements with their consequences:

Subduction = Results in deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs Rifting = Leads to the formation of new crust and rift valleys Convergent boundary = Causes mountain-building and subduction zones Transform boundary = Causes earthquakes due to lateral sliding Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to ocean engineering with their functions:

Offshore structures = Designed to withstand challenging sea environments Coastal erosion protection = Preserving coastal structures from natural wear Port development = Enhancing infrastructure for maritime trade Energy sources in oceans = Exploring renewable options like wave and tidal energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological phenomena with their definitions:

Seismology = Study of earthquakes and seismic waves Paleontology = Study of ancient life forms through fossils Geomorphology = Study of landforms and the processes that shape them Petrology = Study of rocks and their formation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following earthquake terms with their explanations:

Faults = Fractures in rocks caused by stress which can lead to seismic activity Epicenter = Point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus Seismic waves = Vibrations that travel through Earth's layers during an earthquake Magnitude scale = Measurement of the energy released by an earthquake Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ocean Engineering and Geology

Ocean engineering is crucial in preserving coastal structures from erosion, developing energy sources, and protecting ports and harbors.
Engineers design ships and offshore structures to withstand challenging sea environments, considering factors like waves, currents, and storm surges.

Rivers, Wind, and Sea

Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediments, influencing the formation of landscapes.
Wind erosion shapes landforms and transports particles.
The sea contributes to coastal erosion and sedimentation.

Earthquakes

An earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth's surface caused by movements in Earth's outermost layer.
Faults are fractures in rocks caused by stress or the push-pull on the crust that causes the rocks to twist or tear apart.

Types of Faults

Normal faults: the block above the fault moves down relative to the block below the fault.
Reverse faults: the block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.
Thrust faults: the movement of blocks along a fault is horizontal.

Earth's Core

The Earth's core is a dense metallic core at the planet's center.
The Earth has a magnetic field because of its core.
The inner core is solid, composed mainly of iron and nickel, due to high temperatures.
The outer core is primarily composed of liquid iron and nickel, and its movement generates the Earth's magnetic field through the geodynamo process.

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

Continental drift describes the movement of continents over time.
Three main evidences for continental drift are:
- Geologic: the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa seem to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
- Identical rocks: identical rocks, of the same type and age, are found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
- Fossils: evidence in the places certain fossils are found.

Types of Earthquakes

Tectonic earthquakes: occur when rocks and adjoining plates are subjected to geological pressures that result in physical and chemical changes.
Volcanic earthquakes: occur in conjunction with volcanic activity.
Explosion earthquakes: occur as a result of a chemical or nuclear device explosion.
Collapse earthquakes: smaller-scale earthquakes brought on by caverns or mine collapses underground.

Seismic Prospecting

Seismic prospecting is the field search for mineral deposits, usually with the ultimate objective of economic development by mining operations.
Seismic prospecting can be conducted either on land or at sea.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ocean engineering and its importance in preserving coastal structures, developing energy sources, and protecting ports and harbors. Explore how engineers design ships and offshore structures to withstand challenging sea environments. Gain insights into the critical role of geology in designing resilient coastal infrastructure.