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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the newer varieties of English such as Pakistani English and Indian English?

  • American English
  • Native English
  • British English
  • New Englishes (correct)

    • Who first coined the term 'New Englishes' to describe the varieties of English developed in different countries?

  • Jane Austen
  • Charles Dickens
  • Platt, Weber and Ho (correct)
  • Shakespeare

    • What is the common medium for communication in areas where New Englishes exist alongside local languages?

  • Spanish
  • English (correct)
  • Chinese
  • French

    • Which language has more native speakers than English?

    <p>Mandarin Chinese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspects of language have New Englishes developed uniquely in different countries?

    <p>Lexis, pronunciation, and syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises questions about the future of English according to the text?

    <p>The variety of New Englishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the linguistic experts at the British Library find about British English compared to American English?

    <p>British English is evolving faster than American English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language is the lingua franca in the United States?

    <p>American English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the 'Southern drawl' accent in American English?

    <p>It resembles 17th-century English speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study on British students’ written language reveal about their writing style?

    <p>They are increasingly copying American writing style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, why do American English and British English continue to be very distinct entities?

    <p>Pronunciation differences and speech patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the everyday words mentioned in the text that many British English speakers refuse to use American pronunciations for?

    <p>'Garage'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the volunteers read aloud as part of the study conducted by the British Library?

    <p>'Mr Tickle'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the influence of Americanisms on young Britons' writing?

    <p>'Trash can', 'sidewalk', and 'soda' are increasingly used by young Britons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'She ate too much' vs. 'She has eaten too much' highlights a difference between which types of English?

    <p>British and American English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What view do some people hold about the future of the English language?

    <p>English will split into mutually incomprehensible languages, similar to what happened with Latin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brought about the Emergence of American English?

    <p>The migration of Puritans to the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following did NOT contribute to the vocabulary of American English?

    <p>Words created by American businesses during the Industrial Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helped shape American English in terms of vocabulary?

    <p>Interaction with Native American tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor played a significant role in American English evolving separately from British English?

    <p>Increasing economic dominance and global influence of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did American English have on British English?

    <p>British English retained its own distinct features but incorporated some American vocabulary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did immigrants play in shaping American English?

    <p>They introduced new words and expressions from all over the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did American businesses develop new terminology during their economic growth?

    <p>To adapt to the needs of large-scale capitalism and economic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential reason that contributed to the dominance of American English globally?

    <p>The economic success and global influence of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did settlers in America shape the vocabulary of American English?

    <p>By discarding irrelevant words and incorporating new terms related to their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is commonly used to refer to fairy cakes in modern language?

    <p>Cupcake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which author's work is mentioned as contributing to the increasing use of American vocabulary in the text?

    <p>Stephenie Meyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is now often used to mean 'clever'?

    <p>Smart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as one of the influences on the increasing use of American vocabulary in the text?

    <p>Modern technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization cooperates globally to monitor the decline of native languages, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>UNESCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is now often used to mean 'irritable', according to the text?

    <p>Cranky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is described as becoming a more dominant language in the world at the expense of other languages?

    <p>English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'linguistic imperialism' refer to in the context of the text?

    <p>'Death' of less dominant languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger' is associated with which organization mentioned in the text?

    <p>'UNESCO'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'TESOL' stands for:

    <p>'Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the increase in spending for BBC Gaelic language broadcasting services have?

    <p>Boosted the number of Gaelic speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor that contributes to language death, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The economic and social advantage offered by the dominant language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what region was the Breton language perceived as inferior to French?

    <p>Brittany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a punitive measure imposed on children speaking Breon in Brittany to deter them from using their language?

    <p>Forced to wear a clog around their necks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen over only a few generations if a minority language is not taught in schools or used in media?

    <p>Language shift leading to language death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the Māori language remain dominant in some areas of New Zealand for many years after English became prevalent in cities?

    <p>Due to less exposure to the dominant language in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'English as an Imperialist Language' refers to what concept?

    <p>'Killer language' theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Language shift' can occur when:

    <p>Younger people find it advantageous to speak both languages fluently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Anne Pakir first coin in 1991?

    <p>The term 'Killer Language'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country felt that multilingualism was detrimental to economic progress, leading to schooling taking place in English?

    <p>Papua New Guinea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language form was considered the worst to speak in Papua New Guinea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

    <p>Local language (Tok Ples)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Suzanne Romaine, what was the perception of speaking English in Papua New Guinea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

    <p>Good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism related to TESOL when it comes to language imperialism?

    <p>Lack of sensitivity towards native languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of English style should learners expect to encounter more in TESOL programmes?

    <p>Regional varieties of English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country are English textbooks for primary schools specifically checked for cultural sensitivity?

    <p>Malaysia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal issue is faced in Jordan according to a report mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inadequate English Language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'New Englishes' refer to evolving varieties of English that have developed in different countries due to which factor?

    <p>'changing economic status'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'American English' is considered unifying for the nation because:

    <p>'it serves as a common language'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Language use is associated with power' suggests that:

    <p>'ability to use language can influence influence and control'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event has driven the spread and dominance of English according to the text?

    <p>'The British Industrial Revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the disappearance of approximately 50 to 70 Aboriginal Australian languages?

    <p>Introduction of new diseases by Europeans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the Aboriginal population on the island of Tasmania within 75 years?

    <p>They were hunted and wiped out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's languages are spoken by 94 percent of the world's population?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to UNESCO, at what level of language endangerment are children no longer learning the language as a mother tongue in the home?

    <p>Definitely endangered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act gave official recognition to Scottish Gaelic in 2005?

    <p>Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Scottish Gaelic predominantly spoken today?

    <p>Rural areas of the Western Isles and Skye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened to the interest in learning Scottish Gaelic in the past 50 years?

    <p>It has increased dramatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of language endangerment is characterized by the youngest speakers being grandparents and older generations?

    <p>Critically endangered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What we lose is essentially an enormous cultural heritage' refers to the loss of:

    <p>'an indigenous language'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way would the Gaelic culture be affected if Gaelic were allowed to die out and give way to English?

    <p>It would die with it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the varieties of English that have developed in different countries through government administration, education, and media?

    <p>New Englishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common medium for communication in areas where New Englishes exist alongside local languages?

    <p>English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have New Englishes developed uniquely in different countries?

    <p>Lexis, pronunciation, and syntax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first coined the term 'New Englishes' to describe the varieties of English developed in different countries?

    <p>Platt, Weber, and Ho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the newer varieties of English such as Pakistani English and Indian English?

    <p>New Englishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language form was considered the worst to speak in Papua New Guinea in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

    <p>Papua pidgin English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Suzanne Romaine, what was considered the worst option in terms of language in Papua New Guinea?

    <p>To speak Tok Ples (the local language)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation TESOL stands for in the context of language teaching?

    <p>Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Malaysia, what aspect of English books for primary schools is specifically checked for cultural sensitivity?

    <p>They are checked to make sure they take account of the local culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement in the USA seeks to ensure that all Americans speak American English?

    <p>Movement of Hispanic immigrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the unifying language 1000 years ago that later fragmented into different languages like French, Italian, and Spanish?

    <p>Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important aspect of language style should learners expect in TESOL programs?

    <p>Authenticity of language style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to a 2016 UNESCO report, what should education policies recognize regarding language learning?

    <p>The importance of mother-tongue learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perceived as one of the problems of English language education in Jordan according to a report?

    <p>Inadequacy of English Language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the linguistic experts at the British Library find about the difference between British English and American English?

    <p>British English has changed less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a change to the status of English as a world language in the future according to the text?

    <p>Changing economic status of non-native English-speaking countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the increase in spending for BBC Gaelic language broadcasting services have?

    <p>It had a huge impact on the number of Gaelic speakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did immigrants play in shaping American English?

    <p>Immigrants introduced new words and expressions to American English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises questions about the future of English according to the text?

    <p>The concept of English as an Imperialist Language raises questions about the future of English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study on British students’ written language reveal about their writing style?

    <p>The study revealed that British students tend to adopt American vocabulary in their writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the disappearance of approximately 50 to 70 Aboriginal Australian languages?

    <p>The main reason is the lack of transmission to younger generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as one of the influences on the increasing use of American vocabulary in the text?

    <p>The influence of American TV shows and movies is mentioned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What historical event has driven the spread and dominance of English according to the text?

    <p>Colonization by Britain and later Australia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what region was the Breton language perceived as inferior to French?

    <p>Breton language was perceived as inferior in Brittany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Anne Pakir first coin in 1991?

    <p>Anne Pakir first coined the term 'killer language'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the ruling elite in Papua New Guinea feel was detrimental to economic progress?

    <p>The ruling elite believed that multilingualism was bad for economic progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did linguistic experts at the British Library find about the evolution of British English compared to American English?

    <p>British English is evolving at a faster rate than American English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers at the British Library ask volunteers to read aloud as part of the study?

    <p>They were asked to read extracts from Mr Tickle, one of the series of Mr Men books by Roger Hargreaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study on British students’ written language reveal about their writing style?

    <p>Their written work was increasingly using American words, exclamation marks, and references to celebrities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is now often used to mean 'irritable', according to the text?

    <p>cranky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the everyday words mentioned in the text that many British English speakers refuse to use American pronunciations for?

    <p>schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lingua franca in the United States?

    <p>American English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive accent in American English that is said to be closest to the speech in England at the time of the first migration?

    <p>Southern drawl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a study show about the influence of American English on British children's writing style?

    <p>It suggests that American English is increasing among school children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the future of written English in relation to American English influence?

    <p>It will owe more to Hollywood films than to Dickens or Shakespeare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of American English speech patterns is highlighted in comparison to British English according to the study?

    <p>American English remains very conservative and traditional in its speech patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five levels of language endangerment distinguished by UNESCO?

    <p>vulnerable, definitely endangered, severely endangered, critically endangered, extinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Celtic language that was once predominant in Scotland?

    <p>Scottish Gaelic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many native Gaelic speakers are estimated to be worldwide?

    <p>20,000 - 30,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act in 2005 gave official recognition to Scottish Gaelic?

    <p>The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Scottish Gaelic predominantly spoken today?

    <p>remote areas of the northern and western Highlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many languages are estimated to have been lost since 1500?

    <p>15 percent of 7000 languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of Aboriginal Australians killed or wiped out within 75 years on the island of Tasmania?

    <p>between 3000 and 4000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's languages are spoken by 94 percent of the world's population?

    <p>Six percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific cultural aspects die along with a language according to Charles Hagège?

    <p>songs, stories, legends, sayings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened to the interest in learning Scottish Gaelic in the past 50 years?

    <p>resurgence of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Puritans adapt their English language in America?

    <p>They discarded irrelevant words and incorporated new vocabulary related to their new lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the settlers' interaction with Native Americans have on American English?

    <p>Words like 'raccoon', 'squash', and 'moose' were borrowed from Native American languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did American English develop terminologies related to capitalism?

    <p>Businesses were concerned about terms like 'breakeven', 'bottom line', 'blue chip', and 'white collar'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some examples of new words borrowed by American English from European languages?

    <p>Words like 'coleslaw', 'pretzels', and 'pizza' were borrowed from European languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did American English establish itself as a global means of communication?

    <p>American English became the standard for global communication due to the dominance of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes American English from British English despite their mutual understandability?

    <p>American and British English differ in lexis, phrasing, and pronunciation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is American English perceived in terms of setting standards for the English language?

    <p>Some argue that American English could become the variety that sets the standards for the English language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of English in global economic success according to the text?

    <p>English is essential for individuals and groups to be part of the global economic success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have recent waves of immigrants contributed to the evolution of American English?

    <p>Recent immigrants have continued the borrowing of words into American English from their native languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors led to the establishment of American English as a global superpower in communication?

    <p>The economic dominance of America and the confident export of American English back to other English-speaking countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the decline of a language when the people who speak it die out?

    <p>Language death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the dominance of one language over another, leading to control of a country's institutions?

    <p>Linguistic imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization cooperates globally to monitor the decline of native languages?

    <p>United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the uploading of endangered languages to become part of UNESCO's 'Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger'?

    <p>Interactive technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will likely dominate in the future as some languages decline?

    <p>Most widely spoken languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Robert Philipson introduce to modern linguistics, describing the dominance of one language over others?

    <p>Linguistic imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's languages are expected to still be spoken in one hundred years?

    <p>Less than ten percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the spread of English contributing to the death of other languages?

    <p>Language imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was described as being under active surveillance by UNESCO's 'Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger'?

    <p>Endangered languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Robert Philipson use to describe the decline and death of a language resulting in the impoverishment of the culture and its speakers?

    <p>Linguistic imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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