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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in Scott Rae’s Model for Moral Reasoning?
How should ethical issues be presented in Scott Rae’s Model for Moral Reasoning?
What is the purpose of identifying the principles in Scott Rae’s Model for Moral Reasoning?
According to Scott Rae’s Model, what should be done after listing the alternatives?
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In Scott Rae’s Model, what is the final step after weighing the consequences?
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What does 'Telos' mean based on Aristotle's perspective?
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What is the main difference between Moral Realism and Moral Anti-Realism?
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What does Normative Ethics focus on?
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In ethical paths, what does Deontological Ethics emphasize?
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What is the focus of Teleological Ethics?
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Which aspect do Morals primarily concern?
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What does Moral Realism believe in relation to moral facts?
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According to the stages of moral development, at what level does a person start to internalize and accept social rules without questioning them?
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Which stage of moral development is characterized by acting based on the belief that doing something wrong will result in punishment?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'Kanya-kanya Syndrome' mentioned in the text?
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What is a characteristic of the 'crab mentality'?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a characteristic of the Filipino mindset?
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According to the stages of moral development, which stage is characterized by acting based on the belief that it may be okay to do something wrong if there is something in it for the individual?
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Study Notes
Obstacles to Personal Growth and Development
- Doubt and debate before planning and action can hinder personal growth.
- Colonial Mentality and Patriotism can lead to a lack of self-awareness and appreciation.
- Kanya-kanya Syndrome: a self-serving attitude that generates feelings of envy and competitiveness towards others, focusing on status and prestige.
- Personal ambition without consideration for the common good can lead to unhealthy competition.
- Crab mentality and lack of appreciation can hinder personal growth.
Stages of Moral Development
- Level One: Pre-Conventional Morality (until 9 years old)
- Moral decisions are shaped by adult standards and consequences of following or breaking rules.
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation (acts from a belief that wrongdoing will be punished).
- Stage 2: Self-Interest Orientation (acts from a belief that it may be okay to do something wrong if there's a personal benefit).
- Level Two: Conventional Morality
- Acceptance of social rules concerning right or wrong.
- Authority is internalized but not questioned.
- Social system influences our view of what is right or wrong.
- Stage 3: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity.
Scott Rae's Model for Moral Reasoning
- Gather the facts: clarify the facts of the case to solve ethical dilemmas.
- Determine the ethical issues: identify competing interests and present them in a "us vs. them" format.
- Identify the principles: identify moral values or principles that are central to the competing positions.
- List the alternatives: come up with various alternative courses of action.
- Compare the alternatives with the principles: eliminate alternatives according to the moral principle.
- Weigh the consequences: consider the consequences of the remaining alternatives.
- Make a decision: deliberation cannot go on forever; decisions must be made.
Telos and Moral Philosophy
- Telos: derived from ancient Greek, meaning purpose, end, fulfillment, completion, goal, or aim.
- Aristotle's concept of telos: the complete and perfect state of an entity in which it can reproduce itself.
- Moral Realism: believes that there are moral facts in the same way that there are scientific facts.
- Moral Anti-Realism: believes that there are no moral facts.
Ethics and Morality
- Normative Ethics: concerned with the criteria for what is morally right and wrong.
- Applied Ethics/Practical Ethics: the application of normative ethics to practical problems.
- Ethics is not what is legal, what you feel, a religion, or a political ideology.
- Morality: derived from the Greek word "mos", meaning customs; it is the practice of ethics.
Ethical Paths
- Deontological Ethics: emphasizes the action itself, motivations, principles, and ideals underlying the decision or action.
- Non-consequentialist.
- Teleological Ethics: focuses on the goal or outcome of an ethical action.
- Consequentialist.
Morals
- Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness and badness of human character.
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Description
Test your understanding of Scott Rae's model for moral reasoning, which involves gathering facts, determining ethical issues, and identifying principles that have bearing on the case at hand. Explore the concept of impartiality in the political realm and how it relates to unbiased and objective decision-making.
