Scientific Terminology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of energy is associated with an object's motion?

  • Mechanical Energy
  • Potential Energy
  • Gravitational Potential Energy
  • Kinetic Energy (correct)

    • Which statement correctly describes gravitational potential energy?

  • It depends only on the mass of the object.
  • It is the energy stored in a moving object.
  • It is related to the height above a reference level. (correct)
  • It decreases as the object's velocity increases.

    • How is the amount of gravitational potential energy determined?

  • By the object's kinetic energy and velocity.
  • By the distance traveled by the object.
  • Only by the object's mass.
  • By the weight and vertical height above a reference level. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the relationship between kinetic energy and velocity?

    <p>Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the kinetic energy if the velocity of an object doubles?

    <p>It increases by four times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is elastic potential energy primarily associated with?

    <p>The stored energy in elastic bodies that return to their stable position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition best describes the term 'mechanical energy'?

    <p>The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the spring constant of a rubber band?

    <p>The stretch length of the rubber band.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does halving the speed of a car have on its kinetic energy?

    <p>It decreases the kinetic energy to one-fourth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for work and energy?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gravitational potential energy depend on the height of an object?

    <p>It varies with the method used to reach that height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gravitational potential energy of a stone weighing 100 N raised to a height of 2 m?

    <p>200 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy is stored in a compressed or stretched elastic body?

    <p>Elastic potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a ball of mass 2m is moving at a velocity v, what is its kinetic energy compared to a ball of mass m moving at the same velocity?

    <p>It has twice the kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the work done by gravity when an object is moving upward?

    <p>Negative value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mechanical energy in the absence of friction?

    <p>Mechanical energy is conserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the kinetic energy of an object at rest expressed?

    <p>As zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a car of mass m is moving at velocity 2v, what is its kinetic energy?

    <p>4(1/2 mv²)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The change in potential energy when an object is raised can be calculated using which formula?

    <p>ΔPE = mgh_f - mgh_i</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does velocity have on the distance traveled by a projectile?

    <p>Higher velocity increases the distance traveled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating work done by a force?

    <p>W = Fd cosθ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mechanical energy of an object when it falls and collides with the ground?

    <p>Mechanical energy becomes kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Terminology

    • Energy: The ability to do work.
    • Kinetic Energy (K.E): Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
    • Potential Energy (PE): Stored energy possessed by an object due to its position or its state.
    • Gravitational Potential Energy (P.E.G): Potential energy due to the object’s position relative to the Earth's surface.
    • Mechanical Energy: The total energy of an object, which is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy.

    Filling in the Blanks

    • The kinetic energy of a body moving on a straight path is directly proportional to the square of its linear velocity.
    • The work done by the resultant external force over a specific period is equivalent to the change in kinetic energy during that time.
    • The potential energy stored in bodies and related to their position respective to the earth's surface is called gravitational potential energy.
    • The level from which we start measuring gravitational potential energy, and is where the gravitational potential energy is equal to zero, is called the reference level.
    • The amount of gravitational potential energy stored in a body depends on its weight and its vertical height above the reference level.
    • The potential energy stored in elastic bodies and allows them to return to their stable position after releasing it is called elastic potential energy.
    • The amount of elastic potential energy stored in a spring is directly proportional to the square of the spring's stretch length.
    • The spring constant of a rubber band, measured according to the international system of units, is C, and its unit is Newton-meter/radian square (Nm/rad).

    Multiple Choice

    • The kinetic energy of a point mass is directly proportional to its mass and the square of its velocity.
    • The best graphical representation of the relationship between kinetic energy and the square of velocity is a straight line with a slope of half the mass.
    • The best graphical representation of the relationship between kinetic energy and the square of velocity is a straight line with a slope of half the mass.
    • If the kinetic energy of a body increases by four times, then the velocity increased by two times.
    • If an object rests on a table, and considering that the table is the reference level, the object will have zero potential energy and zero kinetic energy.
    • Statements about energy:
      • The kinetic energy of a moving body depends on the body's mass and linear velocity.
      • If a car's speed is halved, its kinetic energy decreases to one-fourth of its original value.
      • The unit of measurement for work and energy is the Joule, which is equivalent to kg m2/s2 or Newton-meter.
      • The work done by the resultant force over a specific time interval equals the change in the body's linear momentum.
      • The gravitational potential energy of a body located at a specific height relative to the reference level depends on the method by which it reached that height.
      • Elastic bodies store energy when stretched or compressed, equal to the work performed to change their position from the stretched or compressed state.
      • A spring with a spring constant of 100 and stretched by 0.05 meters stores 0.125 J of elastic potential energy.

    Explanation

    • A ball thrown horizontally at a high speed will travel a greater distance than a similar ball thrown at a lower speed because the ball thrown at a higher speed has greater kinetic energy.
    • When a hammer is dropped from a greater height onto a nail, it will drive the nail deeper into the wood compared to dropping it from a lower height because the hammer has greater potential energy at the higher height.
    • Water falling from waterfalls can drive turbines that generate electricity because the gravitational potential energy of the water is converted into kinetic energy as it falls.
    • When stretching an elastic band, the stone projected by the arrow will be launched with a greater distance because the large elastic potential energy stored in the band is converted into kinetic energy of the stone, allowing it to cover a greater distance.

    Graphical Representation

    • The relationship between kinetic energy and the square of velocity is a straight line, where the slope is equal to half the mass.
    • The relationship between mass and kinetic energy is a straight line, with the slope representing half the square of the linear velocity.
    • The relationship between gravitational potential energy and the height of the body above the reference level is a straight line, and the slope represents the weight of the body (mg).

    Comparison

    • A ball of mass m moving at a velocity v has kinetic energy of 1/2mv2.
    • A ball of mass 2m moving at a velocity v has kinetic energy of 2(1/2mv2)
    • A car of mass m moving at a velocity v has kinetic energy of 1/2mv2
    • A car of mass m moving at a velocity 2v has kinetic energy of 4 (1/2mv2)

    Problem Solving

    • A stone with a weight of 100 N is raised upwards.
    • Raising the stone directly vertically to a height of 2 m: The gravitational potential energy is 200 J (100N x 2m).
    • Raising the stone to a height of 2m using an inclined plane 4 meters long and applying a force of 50 N: The work done is 200 J (50N x 4m).
    • Raising the stone to a height of 2m using stairs, applying a force of 100 N per step and each step is 0.5 m: The work done is 200 J (100N x 2m).

    Potential Energy

    • Potential energy in a gravitational field depends on the height of the object relative to a reference level.
    • Potential energy does not change with how the object reaches a certain height.

    Work and Energy

    • Work done by a force equals a change in kinetic energy.
    • Work can be calculated using several formulas.
    • Work done by gravity on an object moving down equals a positive value.
    • Work done by gravity on an object moving up equals a negative value.
    • Kinetic energy can be calculated by multiplying mass by the square of speed.
    • Kinetic energy is equal to zero when an object is at rest.

    Mechanical Energy

    • Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.
    • Mechanical energy is conserved in the absence of friction.
    • When the object is falling, its mechanical energy is constant.
    • In the example, the object's mechanical energy was equivalent to its initial potential energy at the beginning.
    • In the example, the object's mechanical energy was equivalent to its final kinetic energy when it collided with the ground.

    Units

    • Energy is measured in Joule (J).

    Formulas

    • Potential energy: PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is the gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
    • Kinetic energy: KE = 1/2 * mv2, where m is mass and v is velocity.
    • Change in potential energy: ΔPE = mghf - mghi
    • Work done by force: W = Fd cosθ, where F is force, d is displacement, and θ is the angle between F and d.

    Terms

    • Gravity: The force that attracts objects towards each other.
    • Potential energy: The energy stored in an object due to its position relative to a reference level.
    • Kinetic energy: The energy of an object due to its motion.
    • Mechanical energy: The total energy of an object due to its position and motion.
    • Displacement: Change in position of an object during motion.

    Example

    • An apple with a mass of 150 g is lifted 3 meters above the ground.
    • The initial kinetic energy of the apple is 0 J.
    • The initial potential energy of the apple is 4.5 J.
    • The apple falls 2 meters and its speed at this moment is 6.32 m/s.
    • The final kinetic energy of the apple is 4.5 J.
    • The final potential energy of the apple is 0 J.
    • The final mechanical energy of the apple is 4.5 J.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key scientific terms related to energy. This quiz covers concepts like kinetic energy, potential energy, and mechanical energy, including their definitions and relationships. Challenge yourself and see how well you grasp these essential topics in physics.

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