Scientific Notation Operations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the exponent rule when dividing like powers?

  • Multiply exponents
  • Add exponents
  • Divide exponents
  • Subtract exponents (correct)

What is the unit of mass defined as the mass of the Sun?

  • Kilogram
  • Solar mass (correct)
  • Astronomical Unit
  • Parsec

What is the celestial sphere?

  • The average Earth-to-Sun distance
  • The distance light travels in one year
  • The Earth's equator
  • The sky surrounding the Earth with the Earth at the centre (correct)

What is the average Earth-to-Sun distance equal to?

<p>1.5 × 10^8 km (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of distance equal to the distance light travels in one year?

<p>Light-year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In scientific notation, what operation is performed on the exponents when multiplying numbers?

<p>Add exponents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance at which the average radius of Earth's orbit subtends an angle of one arc-second equal to?

<p>1 pc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dividing numbers in scientific notation, what is done with the mantissas and exponents?

<p>Divide mantissas and subtract exponents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement used to describe the wavelength of light?

<p>Ångström (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed at which a photon always moves in a vacuum?

<p>3 × 10^8 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of wavelength?

<p>The distance from one crest to the next (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?

<p>f = λc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave is light?

<p>Electromagnetic wave (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a photon?

<p>A type of particle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement used to describe the frequency of light?

<p>Hertz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual nature of light?

<p>Wave and particle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Doppler effect used for in astronomy?

<p>To determine the velocity of celestial objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the wavelength of light when an object is approaching an observer?

<p>It appears to be smaller (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that governs the Doppler effect?

<p>vc = λ−λ/λ0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a dark surface appear black when shone with light?

<p>Because light does not reflect off the surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the solar system composed of?

<p>The eight planets, their moons, and smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars?

<p>Terrestrial planets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of Pluto?

<p>A dwarf planet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the planets in our solar system, starting from the Sun?

<p>Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to determine the distance to a star?

<p>d = p (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of constellations today?

<p>They do not serve much purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude of the Sun?

<p>-27 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the brightness of two stars that differ in magnitude by 1?

<p>They differ by a factor of 2.51 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the problem with Hipparchus's method of classifying the brightness of stars?

<p>It is based on a subjective measure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the brightness of stars based on Hipparchus's method?

<p>Apparent magnitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnitude of Venus?

<p>-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many official constellations are recognized today?

<p>88 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the rising and lowering of tides?

<p>The gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth is stronger on the near side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Kepler's second law of planetary motion?

<p>It illustrates that the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of a planet's orbit according to Kepler's first law?

<p>Elliptical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the orbital period of a planet and the semi-major axis of its orbit?

<p>The square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an application of Newton's second law in astronomy?

<p>Studying binary stars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth's oceans?

<p>The oceans compress near the poles and elongate near the equator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Exponent Rules

  • When multiplying like powers, add exponents.
  • When dividing like powers, subtract exponents.

Scientific Notation

  • To multiply numbers in scientific notation, multiply the mantissas and add the exponents of the powers of ten.
  • To divide numbers in scientific notation, divide the mantissas and subtract the exponents of the powers of ten.

Units of Measure in Astronomy

  • Distances are often measured in Astronomical Units (AU), light-years (ly), or parsecs (pc).
  • 1 AU is defined as the average Earth-to-Sun distance, which is 1.5 × 10^8 km.
  • 1 light-year is defined as the distance light travels in one year, which is 9.5 × 10^12 km.
  • 1 parsec is defined as the distance at which the average radius of Earth's orbit subtends an angle of one arc-second, which is about 3.26 ly.
  • Mass is often measured in solar masses, with 1 solar mass being the mass of the Sun, which is 1.99 × 10^30 kg.

Celestial Sphere

  • The celestial sphere is a conceptual sphere surrounding the Earth, with the Earth at its center.
  • The celestial sphere has an equator and north and south poles, which can be imagined to be extensions of the Earth's equator and poles projected onto the celestial sphere.

Tides

  • The Moon exerts a gravitational pull on the entire Earth, causing a bulge in the Earth's oceans.
  • This bulge results in rising and lowering of tides.

Kepler's Laws

  • Planets follow elliptical orbits with their host star at one focus.
  • Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times.
  • The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

Light

  • Light has a dual nature, existing as both a particle (photon) and a wave (electromagnetic wave).
  • Wavelength (λ) is the distance from one crest to the next, or one trough to the next.
  • Frequency (f) is the number of pulses of light per second, and is related to wavelength by: f = λc.
  • The Doppler effect causes the wavelength of light to appear shorter when approaching an observer and longer when receding from an observer.

The Solar System

  • The solar system consists of eight planets and their moons, as well as smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.
  • The planets in our solar system, in order of distance from the Sun, are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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