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Questions and Answers
What is the highest taxonomic group in the classification system?
Which group of organisms is known to break down organic materials and provide drugs in addition to aiding in food production?
Which Kingdom consists of mostly unicellular organisms, some of which are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs?
Which Kingdom is characterized by having cells enclosed by a rigid cell wall and containing chlorophyll?
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Which taxonomic group is immediately below Family in the classification system?
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In the kingdom Eubacteria, what is a common characteristic of the cells?
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Which Kingdom consists of mostly multicellular organisms that are all heterotrophs?
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What does phylogeny describe in relation to organisms?
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Study Notes
Binomial Nomenclature
- A two-part name consisting of a genus and specific epithet is used to identify an organism.
- The genus begins with a capital letter, and the species designation begins with a lowercase letter.
- The entire scientific name is italicized when typewritten or underlined when handwritten.
- Examples: Felis catus (house cat), Panthera leo (lion).
Classification of Living Organisms
- Morphological traits, developmental traits, and genetic traits are used to classify living organisms.
- A group of organisms is called a taxon (plural, taxa).
- Organisms are ranked in taxa that range from having very broad characteristics to very specific ones.
Hierarchical System of Classification
- The hierarchical system is organized from largest to smallest and more specific categories.
- The classification ranks are: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Rules of Binomial Nomenclature
- Uniqueness: Every name has to be unique.
- Universality: A single language (Latin) is used on a worldwide basis.
- Scientific names are in italics or underlined and follow the genus-species format.
Scientific and Common Names
- Scientific names are italicized in print and underlined when handwritten.
- The first letter of the genus name is uppercase, and the first letter of the specific epithet is lowercase.
- Examples: Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens.
Taxonomic Ranks
- Domain: The largest taxonomic group.
- Kingdom: A group of closely related phyla.
- Phylum: A group of closely related classes.
- Class: A group of similar orders.
- Order: A group of similar families.
- Family: A group of genera (genus) that share many characteristics.
- Genus: A group of closely related species that share a common ancestor.
- Species: A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
Kingdoms of Life
- Kingdom Archae: Ancient bacteria, prokaryotes, unicellular, and mostly extremophiles.
- Kingdom Eubacteria: True bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), prokaryotes, unicellular, and cells have peptidoglycan.
- Kingdom Protista: Plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like organisms, eukaryotes, mostly unicellular, and mostly aquatic.
- Kingdom Fungi: Eukaryotes, mostly multicellular, all heterotrophs, form spores for reproduction, and cell wall contains chitin.
- Kingdom Plantae: Eukaryotes, multicellular, autotrophs, cells enclosed by a rigid cell wall, and have chlorophyll.
- Kingdom Animalia: Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs, and consumers.
Phylogeny
- Describes relationships of organisms, including which organism it is thought to have evolved from and which species it is most closely related to.
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Description
Test your knowledge on scientific naming conventions in biology, including rules for writing binomial nomenclature in Latin. Learn about the correct format for naming organisms with their genus and specific epithet. Can you identify the correct scientific names for various species?
