Scientific Method Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary benefits of reporting scientific findings?

  • Avoiding any criticism
  • Hindering further research
  • Allowing for peer review (correct)
  • Ensuring the findings are kept secret

    • Where do scientists often acknowledge the limitations of their study when reporting their work?

  • Introduction section
  • Discussion or Conclusion section (correct)
  • Abstract
  • Methodology section

    • What distinguishes an experiment from an observational study?

  • In an experiment, a variable is manipulated; in an observational study, information is gathered without manipulation. (correct)
  • In an experiment, variables are gathered without manipulation; in an observational study, information is manipulated.
  • In an experiment, nothing is manipulated; in an observational study, variables are controlled.
  • In an experiment, information is gathered without manipulation; in an observational study, variables are manipulated.

    • In the context of the scientific method, what follows after presenting findings to the scientific community?

    <p>New observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

    <p>A theory is a well-supported model with substantial evidence; a hypothesis is an initial guess or idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step might a researcher need to revisit if their data does not support their original hypothesis?

    <p>&quot;Hypothesis&quot; step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where other experts examine an experimental design and conclusions to ensure scientific soundness?

    <p>&quot;Peer review&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an observational study have limitations compared to an experiment?

    <p>It may be harder to tease out all contributing variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Germ theory", as an example, is considered a scientific ____________.

    <p>&quot;Theory&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do scientists usually avoid using the term "prove" in scientific discussions?

    <p>Because proof is reserved for mathematical proofs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the scientific method?

    <p>To systematically answer questions about the natural world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a hypothesis to be based on objective observations?

    <p>To ensure the hypothesis is testable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a scientist do if the data collected do not support the hypothesis?

    <p>Re-evaluate the hypothesis and possibly generate a new one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are data often analyzed during scientific inquiry?

    <p>Using statistics and organizing into tables or graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a hypothesis can be disproved?

    <p>The hypothesis should be re-evaluated and potentially revised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are scientific findings often reported?

    <p>In the form of a poster, talk, or scientific paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of developing a hypothesis in scientific inquiry?

    <p>To have a testable possible explanation based on observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it acceptable for a hypothesis to be disproved according to the text?

    <p>&quot;It indicates that further investigation is needed&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if a scientist fails to report their findings?

    <p>&quot;Other scientists will not trust future work from this scientist&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do statistics play in the scientific method?

    <p>To analyze data and draw meaningful conclusions based on evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hypothesis in scientific inquiry must be based on subjective observations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the data do not support the hypothesis, the hypothesis cannot be re-evaluated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data collected during scientific inquiry are often analyzed using statistics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is not important for scientists to report their findings after completing a study.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scientists usually report their findings in the form of a painting or drawing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Designing an experiment is the final step in the scientific method.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A false hypothesis can never lead to generating and testing a new hypothesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Observational studies always provide more reliable results compared to experiments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypotheses can never be disproved in the scientific method.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the scientific method is to report findings to the scientific community.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an observational study, the researcher manipulates a variable to see what will happen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An experimental study involves providing an experimental group with a drug or treatment to observe the effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A good scientist will not acknowledge the limitations of their study in the 'Discussion' or 'Conclusion' section.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A scientific theory is just an idea or a hypothesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable for a hypothesis to be disproved in scientific inquiry.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An observational study may have limitations due to the difficulty in isolating all contributing variables.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scientific method, data that do not support the hypothesis may lead to skipping the 'hypothesis' step.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Germ theory' is considered a well-supported model in the scientific world.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reporting scientific findings is not important in the scientific community.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a scientist fails to report their findings, new hypotheses and experiments cannot be generated from their work.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps of the scientific method with their descriptions:

    <p>Developing a hypothesis = Formulating a testable possible explanation based on observations Designing an experiment = Creating a study to test predictions and collect data Analyzing data = Using statistics to draw conclusions from collected data Reporting findings = Presenting the results in a scientific paper or talk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to scientific inquiry with their definitions:

    <p>Observational study = Collecting data without manipulating variables Scientific theory = Well-supported explanation for natural phenomena Objective observations = Unbiased data collection based on facts Scientific method = Systematic process to answer questions about the natural world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following outcomes in scientific inquiry with their implications:

    <p>Data not supporting hypothesis = Need for re-evaluation or new hypothesis generation Failure to report findings = Hindrance in generating new hypotheses and experiments Disproving a hypothesis = Indication of refining study design or creating new hypotheses Acknowledging study limitations = Ensuring transparency and improving future research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of good science with their descriptions:

    <p>Observing phenomenon or event = Initial step in scientific inquiry process Testing predictions = Evaluating collected data against hypotheses Organizing data into tables or graphs = Visual representation to identify trends Correcting study design flaws = Improving validity and reliability of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Experiment = Researcher manipulates a variable to observe outcomes Observational Study = Information is gathered and analyzed without researcher intervention Hypothesis = An educated guess in scientific inquiry Scientific Theory = A well-supported model with substantial evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct meanings:

    <p>Peer-review = Other experts examine experimental design and conclusions Observational Study = Data is gathered and analyzed without researcher manipulation Discussion Section = Acknowledging limitations of the study Scientific Theory = Well-supported model with substantial evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their appropriate examples:

    <p>Germ Theory = Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or pathogens Smoking Cigarettes and Lung Cancer = Correlation leading to a hypothesis that cigarettes cause cancer General-purpose programming = Primary usage of Python Database queries = Primary usage of SQL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct role in scientific inquiry:

    <p>Reporting Findings = Allows others to build upon research Developing Hypothesis = Begins the process of scientific investigation Analyzing Data = Examining information gathered for patterns or insights Experiment Design = Setting up procedures to test a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the steps of the scientific method with their descriptions:

    <p>Peer-review = Experts examine design and conclusions for soundness Developing Hypothesis = Formulating an educated guess based on observations Observational Study = Gathering and analyzing data without manipulation Presenting Findings = Sharing research results with the scientific community</p> Signup and view all the answers

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