Scientific Method Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which step of the scientific method involves creating a testable explanation for an observed phenomenon?

  • Hypothesis (correct)
  • Prediction
  • Conclusion
  • Observation

In the scientific method, what is the purpose of conducting an experiment?

  • To summarize data
  • To manipulate variables (correct)
  • To communicate findings
  • To form a hypothesis

Which branch of science primarily studies living organisms?

  • Biological Science (correct)
  • Interdisciplinary Science
  • Physical Science
  • Earth Science

What characterizes a scientific theory?

<p>It is a well-substantiated explanation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attitude encourages scientists to critically evaluate new information?

<p>Skepticism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a scientific law?

<p>A concise statement of a natural relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step follows data analysis in the scientific method?

<p>Conclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of interdisciplinary science?

<p>Environmental Science (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to investigate the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Hypothesis

A testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.

Independent Variable

The variable deliberately changed in an experiment to observe its effect.

Prediction

A statement of what will happen if the hypothesis is true.

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Scientific Theory

A well-supported explanation of an aspect of the natural world.

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Branches of Science

Different areas of science focused on different aspects of the world (physical, biological, Earth), which may overlap.

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Observation

A careful noting of specific characteristics and/or events in nature.

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Scientific Law

A concise statement that describes a consistent relationship observed in numerous experiments.

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Study Notes

Scientific Method

  • Science is a systematic and logical approach to investigating the natural world.
  • It involves observing phenomena, formulating hypotheses, designing experiments, and analyzing data.
  • The scientific method is a cyclical process, with results often leading to new questions and further investigation.

Key Steps in the Scientific Method

  • Observation: Noticing a pattern or event in nature.
  • Question: Asking a specific question about the observed pattern.
  • Hypothesis: A testable explanation for the observed phenomenon.
  • Prediction: A specific statement about what will happen if the hypothesis is correct.
  • Experiment: A controlled test to gather data that supports or refutes the hypothesis.
    • It involves manipulating variables (independent, dependent) and controlling constants.
  • Data Analysis: Summarizing and interpreting the collected data from the experiment.
  • Conclusion: Determining if the data supports or refutes the hypothesis.
  • Communication: Sharing the findings with the scientific community.

Branches of Science

  • Physical Science: Studies non-living matter and energy. Includes Physics, Chemistry, and Astronomy.
  • Biological Science: Studies living organisms. Includes Zoology, Botany, Microbiology, and Genetics.
  • Earth Science: Studies the Earth's structure, processes, and history. Includes Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography, and Paleontology.
  • Interdisciplinary Science: Many scientific fields overlap, leading to new areas of research. Examples including environmental science, bioengineering, and astrophysics.

Scientific Theories and Laws

  • Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a substantial body of evidence. Theories are constantly refined and improved.
  • Scientific Law: A concise statement describing a relationship in nature. It typically describes a consistent pattern observed in multiple experiments. Examples include the law of gravity and the laws of thermodynamics.

Scientific Attitudes and Practices

  • Curiosity: A fundamental driver of scientific inquiry. The need to explore and understand the world around us.
  • Skepticism: Critically evaluating information and not accepting claims without strong evidence. Often involves repeating experiments.
  • Objectivity: Strive to eliminate bias from observations and experiments.
  • Open-mindedness: Acknowledging alternative explanations and being willing to change ideas based on new evidence.
  • Honesty and Integrity: Accurate reporting of data and results, avoiding plagiarism.
  • Collaboration: Working with other scientists to advance knowledge.

Importance of Scientific Literacy

  • Understanding the scientific method empowers individuals to evaluate information and make informed decisions.
  • It allows for a more complete understanding of the world around us. Crucial to solve a range of global and local issues.
  • Scientific literacy helps individuals understand and participate in the public discourse on scientific issues.

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