Scientific Method and Hypothesis Testing

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What is the primary purpose of a control experiment in a scientific study?

To measure the combined effect of multiple variables on the outcome

To establish the hypothesis to be tested

To provide a standard against which the experimental results can be compared (correct)

To test the effect of a single variable on the outcome

What is the term for the process of ensuring that only one variable is tested at a time in an experiment?

Controlled variable

Experimental design

Fair test

Variable isolation (correct)

What type of data is obtained when a scientist measures the length of a rat's body in an experiment?

Discrete data

Qualitative data

Continuous data

Quantitative data (correct)

Why is it essential to repeat a scientific experiment multiple times?

To eliminate natural variation within a species Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a line graph in scientific data representation?

To show the relationship between continuous variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment based on a hypothesis?

Prediction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of reviewing scientific literature during an investigation?

To avoid duplicating work already done by other scientists Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the controlled variable in an experiment?

To be kept the same for both the control and experimental groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of a hypothesis that makes it testable?

It is a statement that can be tested through experimentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why 'the belief that individual species were created by God' is not a hypothesis?

It cannot be tested Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the dependent variable and the responding variable?

The dependent variable is the factor that changes due to the changes made to the independent variable, and is sometimes called the responding variable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between human error and random error?

Human error is avoidable, whereas random error is not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ethics committee in a research institution?

To examine proposals for research involving humans and ensure they meet ethical standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between confidentiality and anonymity?

Confidentiality ensures that participants' identities are not revealed except to those directly involved, while anonymity ensures that participants remain unknown even to researchers. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an ethical dilemma that may arise in research involving human participants?

Denying the control group access to a beneficial treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why systematic errors cannot be reduced by averaging?

Because they always result in measurements that are either too high or too low. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from participants in a research study?

To ensure that participants are fully informed about the objectives and procedures of the study. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in research?

To create a control group that receives an inactive substance Signup and view all the answers

In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of the treatment or placebo being administered?

Both the researcher and the subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

The placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

When should a trial be abandoned, even if continued testing is desirable?

When the subjects are being adversely affected by the research Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experiment?

To provide a baseline for comparison Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the placebo to look exactly the same as the real medication?

To ensure that the subjects believe they are receiving the real treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a blind experiment?

To reduce the risk of bias due to the placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

Why may ethical problems arise in research?

When subjects are being adversely affected by the research Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a placebo in a drug trial?

To provide a control group for comparison Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inactive substance used in a placebo?

Inactive substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting an experiment in scientific research?

To test only one variable at a time to support or disprove a hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a control test in an experiment?

To provide a standard against which to compare the experimental results Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep all other variables constant in an experiment, except for the one being tested?

To minimize the effects of extraneous variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a hypothesis in scientific research?

To propose a possible explanation or solution to a problem Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of an experiment that provides evidence for a hypothesis?

The results support the hypothesis, but do not prove it Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a controlled variable in an experiment?

To ensure that all other variables are kept constant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a histogram in data representation?

To show the frequencies of a particular value or characteristic Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a bar graph and a column graph?

The orientation of the rectangles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of a well-designed experiment?

The hypothesis is supported or disproved Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

A theory is a well-established and verified explanation, while a hypothesis is a proposed explanation Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists rarely make definite statements about their results?

Because experimental results always contain errors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of evaluating an experiment?

To reflect on the results and the method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for halting a trial early?

To avoid any further harm to the participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a double-blind experiment?

To reduce the risk of bias due to the placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

Placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure that the placebo looks exactly the same as the real medication?

To reduce the risk of bias due to the placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

To provide a baseline for comparison Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a placebo in a drug trial?

It allows the researcher to test the effectiveness of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inactive substance used in a placebo?

Inactive substance Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep the five principles of ethics in mind when designing an investigation?

To avoid any harm to the participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a trial may be abandoned, even if continued testing is desirable?

To avoid any further harm to the participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a blind experiment?

It reduces the risk of bias due to the placebo effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for halting a trial early, even if continued testing is desirable?

To avoid exposing subjects to potential harm or adverse effects. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a placebo in a drug trial?

It helps to reduce the risk of bias in the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

The placebo effect. Signup and view all the answers

In a double-blind experiment, what is the primary advantage of neither the researcher nor the subjects knowing who is receiving the treatment or the placebo?

It reduces the risk of bias in the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in research into the effectiveness of medical treatments?

To reduce the risk of bias in the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why patients who are given a placebo often show an improvement in their condition?

Because of the patient's belief that the placebo is a real therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experiment involving a placebo?

To provide a comparison group for the experimental group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a blind experiment in research involving a placebo?

It reduces the risk of bias in the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in an experiment involving a new medicinal drug?

To reduce the risk of bias in the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a control group in an experiment involving a placebo?

To provide a comparison group for the experimental group. Signup and view all the answers

whats human error

a mistake, avoidable with care, not a part of experimental error Signup and view all the answers

Scientific Method and Hypothesis Testing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a control experiment in a scientific study?

What is the term for the process of ensuring that only one variable is tested at a time in an experiment?

What type of data is obtained when a scientist measures the length of a rat's body in an experiment?

Why is it essential to repeat a scientific experiment multiple times?

What is the primary purpose of a line graph in scientific data representation?

What is the term for a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment based on a hypothesis?

What is the main purpose of reviewing scientific literature during an investigation?

What is the primary role of the controlled variable in an experiment?

What is the key feature of a hypothesis that makes it testable?

What is the primary reason why 'the belief that individual species were created by God' is not a hypothesis?

What is the main difference between the dependent variable and the responding variable?

What is the primary difference between human error and random error?

What is the purpose of an ethics committee in a research institution?

What is the primary difference between confidentiality and anonymity?

What is an example of an ethical dilemma that may arise in research involving human participants?

What is the primary reason why systematic errors cannot be reduced by averaging?

What is the purpose of obtaining informed consent from participants in a research study?

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in research?

In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of the treatment or placebo being administered?

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

When should a trial be abandoned, even if continued testing is desirable?

What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experiment?

Why is it important for the placebo to look exactly the same as the real medication?

What is the purpose of a blind experiment?

Why may ethical problems arise in research?

What is the purpose of a placebo in a drug trial?

What is the term for the inactive substance used in a placebo?

What is the primary purpose of conducting an experiment in scientific research?

What is the function of a control test in an experiment?

Why is it important to keep all other variables constant in an experiment, except for the one being tested?

What is the purpose of using a hypothesis in scientific research?

What is the outcome of an experiment that provides evidence for a hypothesis?

What is the role of a controlled variable in an experiment?

What is the primary purpose of using a histogram in data representation?

What is the key difference between a bar graph and a column graph?

What is the primary outcome of a well-designed experiment?

What is the main difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Why do scientists rarely make definite statements about their results?

What is the primary purpose of evaluating an experiment?

What is the primary reason for halting a trial early?

What is the purpose of a double-blind experiment?

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

Why is it important to ensure that the placebo looks exactly the same as the real medication?

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

What is the primary advantage of using a placebo in a drug trial?

What is the term for the inactive substance used in a placebo?

Why is it important to keep the five principles of ethics in mind when designing an investigation?

What is the primary reason why a trial may be abandoned, even if continued testing is desirable?

What is the primary advantage of using a blind experiment?

What is the primary reason for halting a trial early, even if continued testing is desirable?

What is the primary advantage of using a placebo in a drug trial?

What is the term for the phenomenon where patients show improvement in their condition due to their belief in the placebo?

In a double-blind experiment, what is the primary advantage of neither the researcher nor the subjects knowing who is receiving the treatment or the placebo?

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in research into the effectiveness of medical treatments?

What is the primary reason why patients who are given a placebo often show an improvement in their condition?

What is the primary purpose of using a control group in an experiment involving a placebo?

What is the primary advantage of using a blind experiment in research involving a placebo?

What is the primary purpose of using a placebo in an experiment involving a new medicinal drug?

What is the primary role of a control group in an experiment involving a placebo?

whats human error

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