Scientific Method and Branches of Science

Study Notes

Scientific Method

Science is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world.
The scientific method involves a series of steps to investigate phenomena.
These steps often include observation, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
The scientific method is iterative and can be modified or repeated as needed.
Hypotheses are testable explanations for observed phenomena.
Experiments are designed to test hypotheses, often using control groups and variables.
Data collected during experiments should be quantitative or qualitative, and documented meticulously.
Data analysis involves interpreting the collected data.
Scientific conclusions are based on the evidence gathered and are subject to revision based on further research.

Branches of Science

Science is broadly categorized into various branches, each focusing on specific aspects of the natural world.
Natural sciences often investigate physical phenomena and the natural world.
Physical sciences involve the study of matter, energy, and their interactions, including physics, chemistry, and astronomy.
Biological sciences, or life sciences, investigate living organisms, including evolution, genetics, and ecology.
Earth sciences explore the planet Earth: its composition, processes, and history, including geology, meteorology, and oceanography.

Scientific Laws

Scientific laws describe observed phenomena and predict their behavior with high accuracy.
They are based on numerous observations and experiments and summarise well-established patterns.
Examples of scientific laws include Newton's laws of motion.
Scientific laws often describe fundamental principles of nature that remain consistent under varied conditions.
They do not explain the reasons behind the observed patterns.

Scientific Theories

Scientific theories are explanations of natural phenomena that are well-supported by evidence.
They explain the "why" behind scientific laws and have the ability to predict future observations.
They may evolve or be modified as new evidence emerges.
Example - the theory of evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth by means of natural selection.
They are not just guesses but well-substantiated explanations.

Scientific Principles

Scientific principles are fundamental concepts widely accepted within the scientific community.
They guide scientific inquiry and provide frameworks for understanding phenomena.
They are derived from vast bodies of knowledge and multiple successful experiments.
Examples of scientific principles include the principle of conservation of energy.
These principles provide robust and tested explanations.

Description

Explore the essentials of the scientific method, including its iterative steps such as observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and data analysis. Additionally, learn about the various branches of science that investigate different aspects of the natural world. This quiz aims to enhance your understanding of scientific inquiry.