Scientific Method and Analysis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the inductive approach described?

To capture everyday life and human perspective (correct)

To verify existing hypotheses

To establish cause-and-effect relationships

To quantify data for statistical analysis

How is action research currently classified in the literature?

As a separate category from both qualitative and quantitative research

As a purely quantitative research method

As a method exclusive to qualitative research

As a form of mixed methodology (correct)

What is a necessary condition for obtaining informed consent from research subjects?

Research subjects must remain unaware of the study's purpose

Subjects should have the opportunity to ask questions (correct)

Subjects must be offered financial compensation to participate

Researchers must limit disclosure to protect the subjects

Which ethical principle is emphasized when conducting research with human subjects?

Ensuring voluntary participation free from coercion Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT considered a difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

The funding sources for the research Signup and view all the answers

What is required for subjects to fulfill the comprehension aspect of informed consent?

They should fully understand the research implications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines ethics in research involving human subjects?

The researchers' beliefs about what is right or wrong Signup and view all the answers

What does the current literature indicate about the risks of second language research?

They are often minimal to no risks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of research methodology in a research report?

To outline the processes used to answer the research questions Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT involved in planning and conducting research?

State the financial budget for the research Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the 'Problem and Its Setting' section of a research report?

Hypotheses and assumptions of the study Signup and view all the answers

Defining the scope and limitations of research is important because it helps to:

Clarify the focus and boundaries of the study Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of formulating testable hypotheses?

To provide specific predictions to test during research Signup and view all the answers

Why is the review of literature important in a research report?

To establish context and support the study's approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the research planning process?

Evaluate the results and draw conclusions Signup and view all the answers

Which section should include the theoretical concepts relevant to the research topic?

Review of Literature and Studies Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a participant to give valid consent in a research study?

Receiving sufficient information to make an informed decision Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the information provided to potential research participants?

Expected outcomes of the research Signup and view all the answers

How should researchers handle the assignment of participants to groups in a study?

They must inform participants about the method used for group assignment. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of second language research, what is an important ethical consideration?

Maintaining confidentiality of participant data Signup and view all the answers

What might participants of second language research need to be made aware of regarding group assignments?

They could benefit less than participants in a treatment group. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of researchers including their contact information on consent forms?

Participants might call with irrelevant classwork questions. Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers communicate about the confidentiality of data to participants?

Steps will be taken to protect identifying data. Signup and view all the answers

Why is informing participants about potential risks important in research?

Participants may wish to withdraw their consent. Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured about documents related to participant consent?

Documents must be dated the same day they are signed. Signup and view all the answers

When choosing a research topic, why is interest important?

Interest influences the likelihood of thorough knowledge and engagement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of the study in research?

The study should be relevant and expand knowledge in the field. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the size of the research subject pool important?

The size should be manageable within the time frame of the study. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should researchers consider regarding their capabilities?

Researchers should recognize their capabilities and seek guidance when necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cost of research entail?

Time, effort, and financial resources. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about participant consent in research?

Consent must be obtained from parents and other relevant parties when needed. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should NOT be considered when choosing a research topic?

How well-known the topic is in current research. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an acceptable practice regarding participant disclosure in second language research?

General indication that the study is about second language learning with specific details revealed later Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for ensuring participant comprehension in informed consent?

Providing information in an understandable language considering participant's background Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to undue influence in voluntary participation for second language research?

Classroom teachers suggesting their students participate in a study Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to advise participants that some features of the study will not be revealed until after it concludes?

When full disclosure would compromise the study's integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is a responsibility of the researcher in the informed consent process?

To create opportunities for participants to discuss concerns and ask questions Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended when inviting participants to research?

Offering rewards that are perceived as excessive Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is a potential ethical concern in voluntary participation?

Students feeling obliged to participate due to their teacher's request Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for second language research to be justified according to current guidelines?

The main purpose of the research must be clearly indicated in sufficient detail Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Methodology

The scientific method involves systematic and formal analysis to address research questions and objectives.
A comprehensive literature review helps in defining research problems and formulating hypotheses.

Basic Steps in Research Planning and Conduct

Identify a specific problem area to focus research efforts.
Conduct a literature survey related to the problem for contextual understanding.
Clearly define the research problem in precise terms.
Develop a conceptual framework or research paradigm.
Create testable hypotheses and specify key concepts and variables.
Outline underlying assumptions influencing data interpretation.
Determine the research scope and its limitations.
Design the research methodology and approach.
Identify target research subjects and appropriate sampling techniques.
Specify data collection instruments and procedures.
Decide on data analysis methods before executing the research.
Carefully evaluate results to draw conclusions and make recommendations.

Components of a Research Report

Problem and Its Setting: Introduces the study, states the problem, defines scope, and presents hypotheses and assumptions.
Review of Literature and Studies: Covers relevant theories and previous research pertaining to the topic.
Research Methodology: Describes methods employed to address research questions, using either qualitative or quantitative approaches.

Action Research

Action research is a blend of qualitative and quantitative techniques aimed at practical problem-solving while fostering deeper understanding.

Ethical Issues in Research

Research ethics focus on moral principles guiding researchers, particularly concerning human subjects.
Informed consent is essential, requiring researchers to provide enough information for participants to make educated decisions about their involvement.

Participants must receive comprehensive information about research procedures, risks, and benefits.
Researchers ensure subjects comprehend the provided information, adjusting language for accessibility.
Participation must be voluntary, free from coercion or undue influence, especially in educational settings.

Considerations for Choosing Research Topics

Interest: Select topics that are engaging to ensure commitment throughout the research process.
Originality: Choose unique topics, particularly for academic requirements to contribute new knowledge.
Size: Aim for an appropriate sample size manageable within the study timeframe.
Significance: Focus on research that adds value and addresses relevant issues in the field.
Capability and Limitations: Understand personal strengths and seek guidance where necessary.
Cost: Assess the financial and time implications involved in conducting the research.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes involved in the scientific method in this quiz based on Lesson 1b. Understand the steps necessary for systematic planning and conducting effective research. This quiz will help reinforce your comprehension of objective, literature-based analysis in scientific inquiry.

Scientific Method and Analysis - Lesson 1b