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Scientific and Critical Thinking: Rationalism, Skepticism, and Empiricism

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Scientific and Critical Thinking: Rationalism, Skepticism, and Empiricism

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the most common human failings according to the text?

Reliable knowledge and sound reasons

Deception by others and self-deception (correct)

Resistance to change and dogmatism

Critical thinking and skepticism

How does the text describe skeptics' approach to holding beliefs?

Undogmatic

Closed-minded

Tentatively (correct)

Resistant to change

What is the recommended way to escape deception by others and self-deception?

Being resistant to change

Repeatedly examining the basis for holding beliefs (correct)

Embracing dogmatism

Acquiring reliable knowledge

What is the misconception many people have about skeptics?

Closed-minded and resistant to changing their minds Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a common human failing that goes unrecognized?

Self-deception Signup and view all the answers

What do good scientists and critical thinkers constantly examine according to the text?

Evidence, arguments, and reasons for their beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What are the three central components of Scientific and Critical Thinking mentioned in the text?

Empiricism, Rationalism, and Skepticism Signup and view all the answers

Why is logical reasoning not commonly used by most individuals?

It requires a struggle with emotions and will Signup and view all the answers

What skill or discipline is mentioned in the text as requiring formal educational environment for learning?

Rationalism Signup and view all the answers

What does skepticism involve according to the text?

Questioning of beliefs and conclusions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thinking is mentioned as being far easier and more congenial to human nature than logical thinking?

Wishful thinking Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of beliefs mentioned in the text as not being evidence or facts?

Substantive beliefs and emotional beliefs Signup and view all the answers