Scientific Achievements of Franklin and Galileo

<p>Time is the essence of life and should be used wisely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Franklin's scientific endeavors arose from a natural curiosity and a desire to understand the world around him, eventually leading to his groundbreaking experiments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He claimed that the Earth revolved around the Sun, which contradicted the Catholic Church's teachings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lippershey's telescope magnified objects by a factor of 3 while Galileo's magnified objects by a factor of 20. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rings of Saturn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He proved that objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass in a vacuum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objects in motion tend to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of the pendulum clock. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He adopted an innovative measuring device called a 'triquetrum' to challenge the prevailing geocentric model. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Church held a position of significant influence in science, and Copernicus's ideas challenged its established worldview. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He feared persecution from the powerful Catholic Church, which supported the geocentric model. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copernicus's theory initially faced resistance from the scientific community, but it laid the foundation for future astronomical advancements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a measuring device used by Copernicus to observe the night sky and calculate the altitudes of stars and planets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He discovered that the planets were orbiting the Sun, not the Earth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geocentric model placed the Earth at the center of the Universe, while the heliocentric model placed the Sun at the center. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geocentric model was widely accepted and supported by the scientific community. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterilizing food through heat treatment, known as pasteurization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His research on alcoholic fermentation and the development of pasteurization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revealed that the presence of specific microorganisms could cause different types of spoilage in wine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The widespread use of pasteurization in dairy and food processing industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fostered his love of detail and precision, qualities that were valuable in his scientific endeavors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The universe was understood to be heliocentric, with the Sun at the center. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>formulated the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enabled closer observation of distant celestial objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law of Universal Gravitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His demonstration of the composition of white light using a prism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton was inspired to develop his theory of gravity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton believed that the apple's fall was caused by the same force that governed planetary motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It solidified his position as a leading figure in the scientific community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><em>Systema Naturae</em> provided a hierarchical system for classifying all living organisms, while <em>Genera Plantarum</em> focused specifically on plant genera. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inclusion of both genus and species in the name. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His lack of early interest in formal education. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientists were struggling to find a practical and consistent method for classifying living organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fulfill his lifelong passion for plants and contribute to their understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Michael Faraday (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of electromagnetic waves generated by electric currents is equal to the speed of light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxwell's work provided foundational insights for Einstein's theory of relativity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxwell established that light is an electromagnetic wave. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maxwell's work marked the beginning of a new era in physics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perpendicular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electromagnetic waves can travel at different speeds depending on the medium they travel through. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A self-educated inventor, scientist, and politician born in 1706.

Franklin established his printing business in Philadelphia in 1730.

Franklin conducted groundbreaking studies on electricity and proposed a kite experiment in 1752.

Franklin discovered pointed electrodes conduct electricity better than spherical ones.

Franklin created charts of the Gulf Stream to help ships navigate faster between 1764-1765.

Galileo faced trial for his views on motion, forced to retract his statements and placed under house arrest.

A moving object maintains its velocity until acted upon by an external force.

Objects fall at the same rate in a vacuum, irrespective of their mass.

Dutch spectacle maker credited with inventing the telescope in 1608.

Lippershey's original telescope could magnify objects threefold; later, Galileo's could magnify 20 times.

Galileo discovered Jupiter's four largest moons: Io, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede.

A Swedish botanist who classified living organisms using a hierarchical system.

The two-part naming system for species, using genus and species names.

Linnaeus's groundbreaking publication establishing a systematic approach to classifying species.

The institution where Linnaeus studied medicine and botany.

A plant named after Linnaeus, also known as twinflower, highlighting his classification system.

A Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

The theory that the Sun is at the center of the universe and planets orbit around it.

The outdated model placing Earth at the center of the universe with celestial bodies revolving around it.

An astronomical instrument used by Copernicus to measure the altitudes of celestial bodies.

Copernicus was consulted by the Church in 1514 to provide input on calendar reform.

Copernicus agreed to publish his heliocentric theory in 1543 but died before it was widely circulated.

Studied astronomy and astrology from 1491 to 1494, developing a passion for the subject.

The geocentric model aligned with Church doctrine, asserting human significance at the universe's center.

A physicist known for formulating the theory of electromagnetism.

The unified theory of electricity and magnetism as one force.

A set of four equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.

The speed at which electromagnetic waves propagate, approx. 299,792 km/s.

Waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, traveling through space.

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.

Maxwell's theories led to the discovery of X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves.

Einstein regarded Maxwell’s work as pivotal in the development of modern physics.

Basic forces that govern interactions in the universe, including electromagnetism.

Experiments by Michael Faraday that showed electricity and magnetism are related.

A pioneering microbiologist known for discovering that microorganisms cause diseases and developing vaccines.

A method invented by Pasteur to sterilize food and beverages by heating them to kill harmful microbes.

The first vaccine developed by Pasteur in 1885 to treat rabies after a dog bite.

The theory that life can arise from non-living matter, which Pasteur disproved through experiments.

The presence of harmful microorganisms in food or beverages that can spoil or cause illness.

A British physicist and mathematician known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation.

The law stating that every mass attracts every other mass with a force dependent on their masses and distance.

Newton's three fundamental principles describing the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.

An improved telescope design using mirrors, developed by Newton for clearer images.

Newton's key publication from 1687, outlining his laws of motion and universal gravitation.

Newton's 1704 work demonstrating that white light is made up of multiple colors using a prism.

The incident that inspired Newton's theory of gravity, observed in his grandmother's orchard.

The university where Newton studied before it closed due to the plague.

Position held by Newton from 1703 for 24 years, leading scientific inquiry in Britain.

The concept explaining the motion of planets around the sun, influenced by Newton's gravitational theory.