Science: Work, Energy, Power Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is work?

The product of force and distance.

What is power?

The rate of doing work.

What is a joule?

The SI unit for work and energy (1 N/m).

What is a watt?

<p>The SI unit for power (1 J/s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is horsepower?

<p>Another common unit of power (1 hp = 746 W).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is energy?

<p>The ability to do work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic energy?

<p>The energy of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is potential energy?

<p>Energy that is stored as a result of position or shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gravitational potential energy?

<p>Potential energy that depends on an object's height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is elastic potential energy?

<p>The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mechanical energy?

<p>Energy associated with the motion of everyday objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal energy?

<p>The total potential and kinetic energy of all microscopic particles in an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical energy?

<p>The energy stored in chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electrical energy?

<p>Energy that is associated with electrical charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electromagnetic energy?

<p>A form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nuclear energy?

<p>Energy that is stored in atomic nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is energy conversion?

<p>The process of changing energy from one form to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a force do work?

<p>For a force to do work on an object, some of the force must act in the same direction as the object moves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are work and power related?

<p>Doing work at a faster rate requires more power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are work and energy related?

<p>Work is a transfer of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors does the kinetic energy of an object depend on?

<p>The kinetic energy depends on its mass and speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is gravitational potential energy determined?

<p>It depends on mass, height, and acceleration due to gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major forms of energy?

<p>Mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and nuclear energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can energy be converted from one form into another?

<p>Yes, through energy conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of energy?

<p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy conversion takes place as an object falls towards Earth?

<p>Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are energy and mass related?

<p>Energy and mass are equivalent, as stated by Einstein's equation $E = mc^2$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for work?

<p>W = F x D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for power?

<p>P = W/T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

<p>PE_e = 0.5 x k x (x^2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Work, Energy, Power Concepts

  • Work is defined as the product of force acting on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force.
  • Power measures the rate at which work is performed.
  • Joule is the SI unit of work and energy, equivalent to one Newton-meter (1 N·m).
  • Watt is the SI unit of power, defined as one Joule per second (1 J/s).
  • Horsepower is a common power measurement, where 1 horsepower (hp) equals 746 Watts.

Types of Energy

  • Energy is the capacity to perform work.
  • Kinetic Energy relates to the motion of an object; it increases with the object's speed and mass.
  • Potential Energy is stored energy due to an object's position or shape, influencing its potential to perform work.
  • Gravitational Potential Energy depends on an object's height, mass, and the acceleration due to gravity.
  • Elastic Potential Energy is associated with the deformation of an object, such as stretching or compressing.
  • Mechanical Energy combines kinetic and potential energy in physical systems.
  • Thermal Energy encompasses the total energy of all microscopic particles within an object, combining both potential and kinetic forms.
  • Chemical Energy is stored within chemical bonds and is released during chemical reactions.
  • Electrical Energy pertains to energy resulting from electrical charges and their interactions.
  • Electromagnetic Energy travels through space as waves, encompassing various forms of radiation.
  • Nuclear Energy is derived from the interactions within atomic nuclei.

Energy Relations and Principles

  • Work can only be performed by a force if it acts in the direction of the object's movement; no movement means no work is done.
  • An increase in the rate of work correlates directly with increased power; more work done in less time raises power output.
  • Energy is transformed during work; work is essentially a transfer of energy from one system to another.
  • Kinetic energy is contingent upon an object's mass and speed.
  • Gravitational potential energy varies based on an object's mass, height relative to ground level, and gravitational acceleration.
  • Major forms of energy include mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, electromagnetic, and nuclear types.
  • Energy conversion illustrates the ability to change energy from one form to another, adhering to the law of conservation of energy, which states energy cannot be created or destroyed.
  • As an object falls, its gravitational potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.
  • Einstein's equation ( E = mc^2 ) emphasizes the equivalence of energy and mass, permitting conversion between these two entities.

Mathematical Formulations

  • The equation for Work is represented as ( W = F \times D ), where ( F ) is force and ( D ) is distance.
  • Power is calculated using the formula ( P = \frac{W}{T} ), where ( W ) is work and ( T ) is time taken.
  • The formula for Elastic Potential Energy is expressed as ( PE_e = 0.5 \times k \times x^2 ), with ( k ) being the spring constant and ( x ) the displacement from the equilibrium position.

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Explore essential concepts in physics with flashcards on work, energy, and power. Each card provides clear definitions of key terms like Joule, Watt, and Horsepower. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of physical principles.

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