Science Test - Tectonic Plates and Earthquakes

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Questions and Answers

The collision of the continental South American plate and the oceanic Nazca plate gave rise to an orogeny or mountain building activity that produced the Andes Mountain, which illustration shows the movement of the two plates?

Illustration C

Illustration D

Illustration B (correct)

Illustration A

Which part of the map will most likely have least occurrence of earthquakes?

4 (correct)

Which of the following conclusions can be derived based from the selection?

Tsunami hit Japan. (correct)

The shifting of the seafloor generated tsunamis. (correct)

Earthquakes were recorded during twentieth century. (correct)

The Great Chilean Earthquake took many lives.

What will happen if the people stop extracting Coal Bed Methane (CMB)?

If the extraction of Coal Bed Methane stops, the number of cases of induced seismicity caused by it will decrease. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the two graphs?

The most common induced earthquakes cause by mining and frackling activities have a magnitude 3 ≤ M < 4. Signup and view all the answers

Which seismic station is the closest from the epicenter of the earthquake?

BALP Signup and view all the answers

What would be the best explanation for the formation of Þingvellir?

The North American and Eurasian plates are drifting away from each other thus creating a rift valley. Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence describes how these mountains were most likely formed?

As a continental plate and an oceanic plate collided, part of the oceanic plate subducted, volcanoes erupted, and the crust buckled, forming the mountains. Signup and view all the answers

How will you relate temperature differences in the movement of plates?

Temperature differences at the mantle causes hot materials to expand and become less dense and contract and become denser when it cools down. Signup and view all the answers

What was the magnetic polarity three millions of year's age of Earth before present?

reversed magnetic polarity Signup and view all the answers

What can you say about the ages of the oceanic floor from both sides of the mid-oceanic ridge?

The ages of the oceanic floor from both sides are older near the ridge and younger far from it. Signup and view all the answers

Why do magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor seem to be puzzling for our scientists?

They showed alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity. Signup and view all the answers

Ruby will use eyeglasses with lenses while Chelsea will wear eyeglasses with lenses.

concave, convex Signup and view all the answers

While standing on a boat, Arnold wished to catch the fish using laser gun, would he aim above, below, or directly at the observed fish to make a direct hit?

below Signup and view all the answers

Based from the situation on item 14, Arnold changed his mind and wanted to use a spear instead. In order for him to catch the fish he should aim ____ the/at observed fish to make a direct hit.

directly at Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Castro wants to use his newly purchased induction cooker, what type of pan will he use so that it will work properly with the induction cooker?

Iron pan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true?

The metal detector can detect the diamond ring of Julia. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the description of the two waves, explain why lightning comes first before the thunder.

Light is an electromagnetic wave while sound is a mechanical wave, hence light is faster than the sound. Signup and view all the answers

What sound explanation can you give to a person who doesn't know the negative side effect of frequent exposure to X- rays?

Excessive exposure to X-rays can damage body tissues and can cause cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Who among the student/s gave a correct statement/s?

Charles and Mary only Signup and view all the answers

Which of the statements below describes the relationship between wavelength and frequency in terms of the arrangement of the 7 EM waves?

As wavelength decreases in one direction, the frequency increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which shows a correct arrangement of the given electromagnetic waves in terms of increasing frequency?

Microwave – Infrared – Ultraviolet Light – X – ray – Gamma Ray Signup and view all the answers

An image of a fetus can also be captured using higher frequency X-rays. However, pregnant women are always advised by their doctors to avoid having X-rays especially on the abdomen. Why is it necessary for pregnant women to avoid being X-rayed during the whole period of their pregnancy? If you are a doctor, how are you going to explain this to a patient?

X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation, which can damage cells and DNA. This can lead to birth defects or cancer in the developing fetus. While X-rays are sometimes necessary for medical diagnosis, it is important to avoid unnecessary exposure, especially during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

Who tells the correct information about concave mirror?

Ryan only Signup and view all the answers

Based on its structure, what will be your indication that there is an induced current?

When the coil of wire moves or turns. Signup and view all the answers

On a silent night, a loud shout from a woman was heard around the village. Police came to the house of Ms. Ann to confirm what happen. They found her lying on the floor with a knife stab on her chest. Upon investigation, three men were investigated. Below was the result of their DNA profiling. Who was the suspect/s?

Suspect 3 Signup and view all the answers

This is a result of DNA profiling of a family. Interpret the data and fill your answer to complete the result.

MOM DAD CHILD 1 CHILD 2 CHILD 3 CHILD 4

Child is the child of Mom but not Dad; Child is not the child of Dad and Mom; while Child and Child are the children of both Mom and Dad.

1, 3, 2, 4 Signup and view all the answers

Scientists discovered fossils of Homo erectus in many places on Earth. In one site in Spain, scientists were puzzled by a set of events. They found the remains of ancient brush fires on top of a cliff. At the base of the cliff, they uncovered the bones of an entire herd of elephants. Scattered among the elephant bones were some stone tools. Suggest a hypothesis that would explain the events.

Homo erectus likely started a fire at the top of the cliff, which caused the elephants to stampede down the cliff, resulting in their deaths. The stone tools found amongst the bones indicate that the remains were disturbed after the elephants died. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be derived from the graph below?

The main drivers of biodiversity decline continue to be the loss of natural habitat. Signup and view all the answers

Which among the statements uses the result of the data?

Crafting of guidelines about the handling of animals were done. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct sequence of the menstrual cycle?

ii, iii,i,iv, v Signup and view all the answers

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that DNA makes RNA makes proteins (Figure)

DNA transcription mRNA translation protein

Figure : | The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA makes RNA makes proteins

The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

In the transcription stage, DNA and RNA undergoes several processes. Which is the correct sequence of the genetic transcription?

i,ii,iii,iv Signup and view all the answers

Helen has type I osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic skeletal disorder. Shown below is her DNA sequence for a portion of the coding region of the collagen type I gene, which contains the mutation responsible for her disorder. The corresponding wild-type sequence is shown also.

Helen- 5'- AAACTCCACTTCTTCCAGTAC-3' Normal- 5'-AAACTCACTTCTTCCAGTAC-3'

What type of mutation does Helen carry?

Silent Signup and view all the answers

Change in a population of horses is shown in the graph below.

Population size

Time X

Which statement best explains the section of the graph labeled X?

The horse population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which stratum should contain the greatest proportion of extinct organisms?

Stratum D Signup and view all the answers

If "x" indicates the location of fossils of two closely related species, then fossils of their most-recent common ancestor are most likely to occur in which stratum?

Stratum C Signup and view all the answers

To achieve homeostasis, the nervous and endocrine systems work with each other to maintain a normal range of

I. Blood calcium level II. Temperature of the body III. Amount of water in the body IV. Amount of metabolic wastes in the cell

I, II, III, IV Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to a balloon when put inside the refrigerator?

The balloon will shrink. Signup and view all the answers

Suppose we have a theoretical gas confined in a jar with a piston at the top. With the temperature and number of moles held constant, two weights are slowly added to the top of the piston A. What will happen to the two set-ups?

Mass A Vol. 0 1.00 300 Pressure Temperature

Mass B Vol. 0 1.33 300 Pressure Temperature

Set-up B has greater pressure that Set-up A. Signup and view all the answers

Based from the illustration from item 39, what happens to the temperature of Set-up B if you will remove 2 weights on the piston and add it on Set-up A?

Set-up B will have lower temperature than Set-up A. Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph imply regarding the rate of evaporation of water, ethanol, acetone and hexane?

The graph shows that the rate of evaporation is faster as temperature increases. Hexane evaporates at the fastest rate, followed by acetone, ethanol, and water. The rate of evaporation also depends on the vapor pressure of the liquid, which is the tendency of the liquid to vaporize. Signup and view all the answers

The diagram shows a model of a polymer being formed. What biomolecule is this?

a protein Signup and view all the answers

The image on the right shows one particular property of gases. Which among the statements below BEST describes this property?

Gases exert pressure in all directions on the walls of their container. Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas at constant temperature was first published by the English natural philosopher Robert Boyle over 300 years ago. It is summarized in the statement now known as Boyle's law: The volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure under which it is measured. Considering the following graphs, which of the given best represents the relationship between pressure (y-axis) and the volume (x-axis) at constant temperature?

Graph B Signup and view all the answers

The volume and temperature are linearly related for 1 mole of methane gas at a constant pressure of 1 atm. If the temperature is in Kelvin, volume and temperature are directly proportional. The line stops at 111 K because methane liquefies at this temperature; when extrapolated, it intersects the graph's origin, representing a temperature of absolute zero. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between the volume and temperature of a given amount of gas at constant pressure?

The volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale when the pressure is held constant. Signup and view all the answers

This diagram shows the molecular structure of glucose. Simple sugars like glucose can be used to make larger organic molecules. What is this larger molecule made from simple sugars.

carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances. Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. Consider a simple chemical reaction, the burning of methane. In this reaction, methane (CH4) combines with oxygen (O2) in the air and produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The reaction is represented by the following chemical equation: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

This equation shows that one molecule of methane combines with two molecules of oxygen to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water vapor. Therefore, we can say that:

The equation is balanced because same number of each type of atom appears on both sides of the arrow. Signup and view all the answers

A balanced equation conforms to the law of conservation of mass. Which equation conforms with the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Cl2(g) + KBr(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the problem and the solution from the article above.

The problem is the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions, which contribute to climate change. The solution is the use of sustainable materials in manufacturing to reduce carbon emissions, as exemplified by Allbirds’ running shoe, Tree Dasher. Signup and view all the answers

The diagram shows a model of a polymer being formed. What biomolecule is this?

Primary Structure 1 Gly Pro Thr Gly 5 +HзN Thr Amino end Gly Glu ProCys Lys Ser Leu 10 Met Val 15 Amino acid 6 subunits Val Leu 20 Asp Ala Val Arg Gly Ser Pro www.biochemden.in Ala

a protein Signup and view all the answers

One way in which humans have affected the climate is by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases absorb infrared (long-wave, heat) radiation. This is the form of the sun's energy reflected off the earth's surface. Greenhouse gases then radiate heat energy back toward the earth. This heats the earth's atmosphere and ultimately contributes to increasingly warmer climates.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a byproduct of the combustion--or burning--of fossil fuels such as coal and oil that contribute to climate change.

In order to help with the problem, Allbirds, an environmentally friendly footwear company, has launched a running shoe called 'Tree Dasher'. It is made from natural and plant-based materials like sugarcane and eucalyptus, including the company's signature fiber, merino wool. Based on 'CO₂e' (carbon dioxide equivalent emissions) - a term that describes the amount of carbon dioxide that would have the equivalent impact on global warming - the Tree Dasher's emission is around 30 percent less than that of a standard sports shoe, estimated at 12.5kg.

Using natural and plant-based materials reduced carbon emissions by around 30%. Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science Test - Study Notes

Question 1: The collision of the South American and Nazca plates created the Andes Mountains. The illustration depicts the movement of these plates.

Subduction Zone

A subduction zone is a collision zone where two tectonic plates meet.
One plate slides beneath the other, descending into the mantle.
Subduction zones are associated with large earthquakes like the 9.5 magnitude quake in Chile (1960).
These zones are linked to volcanic arcs, exemplified by the Aleutian Islands.

Earthquakes (Item 2)

Earthquakes are most likely to occur in areas where plates collide (subduction zones).
Area 3 (map) is most likely to have the fewest occurrences of earthquakes.

Great Chilean Earthquake

The Great Chilean Earthquake (20th century) was the strongest earthquake recorded.
This earthquake triggered tsunamis up to 11.5 meters high, impacting Chile and Japan.
The earthquake was caused by the Nazca Plate subducting beneath the South American Plate.

Induced Seismicity (Item 3, Item 4, Item 5)

Human activities can induce earthquakes.
Mining, fracking, and water reservoir impoundment are major contributors.
Extraction of conventional oil and gas has the least number of induced earthquake cases.
Fracking activities are a major contributor to induced seismicity (but not necessarily causing the most intense quakes).
A graph shows causes and magnitudes of induced earthquakes.

Seismic Stations (Item 6)

Seismic stations record the arrival of P-waves and S-waves.
The station nearest the epicenter will record the arrival times of these waves first.
The diagram shows the arrival times, and the station closest is BOLP.

Þingvellir, Iceland (Item 7)

Þingvellir is a rift valley located in Iceland.
It sits on the boundary separating the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
The plates are drifting apart, creating the rift valley.

Mountain Formation (Item 8)

Mountains can form when continental crusts collide (such as continental collisions).
Mountains can also form when oceanic plates collide and one subducts beneath the other.

Mantle Convection (Item 9)

Temperature differences in the mantle cause hot materials to expand, becoming less dense. Hot materials rise and cold materials sink, driving plate movement.

Magnetic Reversal Map

The map shows shifts in Earth's magnetic field strength over time.
The magnetic polarity is recorded in the ocean floor.
This pattern is symmetrical to the mid-oceanic ridge.

Eyeglasses (Item 13)

Convex lenses reduce focal length (used for nearsightedness).
Concave lenses increase focal length (used for farsightedness).

Spear Throw (Item 14)

To hit a fish directly with a spear, aim directly at the observed fish.

Induction Cooker (Item 16)

Induction cookers use magnetic fields to heat pans.
Iron or steel pans (like copper or iron) are suitable induction cookware.

Metal Detector (Item 17)

Metal detectors use pulse induction technology.
They detect magnetic fields created by metal objects and trigger an alarm.
They can detect metal objects like jewelry, but not all materials.

Waves (Item 18)

Electromagnetic waves travel in all mediums.
Mechanical waves need a medium to travel.
Light (electromagnetic) is faster than sound (mechanical).

X-Rays (Item 19)

X-rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves.
High doses of X-rays can cause damage (like cancer) and harm healthy cells.

Electromagnetic Spectrum (Item 20)

Electromagnetic waves are arranged by frequency and wavelength.
Radio waves have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies, while gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies.

Scientific Ideas (21-22)

Wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves have an inverse relationship.
Electromagnetic waves are ranked by increasing frequency.

Pregnancy and X-Rays (Item 23)

High-frequency X-rays should be avoided during pregnancy.

Concave Mirrors (Item 24)

Concave mirrors can form real images if the object distance is greater than the focal length.

Electric Motor (Item 25)

An electric motor has coil and magnet parts that move due to induced current.
Movement of the coil and wire are indications of induced current.

DNA Profiling (Item 26)

DNA profiling is used in forensic investigations to identify individuals.
Techniques compare DNA patterns (profiles) to determine relatedness.

Fossil Evidence (Item 28)

The presence of stone tools with elephant bones and fire residue suggests early human activity.

Species Decline (Item 29)

Habitat loss and exploitation are major concerns for species decline.

Stratigraphy/Sediments (Item 35)

Strata older than a certain point will likely contain a higher proportion of extinct organisms.

Homeostasis (Item 37)

The nervous and endocrine systems maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment).
Homeostasis includes regulating factors like body temperature and water levels.

Chemical Reactions (Item 49)

A balanced chemical equation shows equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the arrow.
The Law of Conservation of Mass is fundamental in all chemical reactions.

Monosaccharides (Item 40)

The diagram depicts a monosaccharide being created in the forming of a large molecule (similar to polysaccharide).

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to tectonic plates, subduction zones, and their relationship to earthquakes. Explore the phenomena behind the Great Chilean Earthquake and the formation of the Andes Mountains. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in Earth Science.