Science Section 2 & 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How are organisms classified into domains or kingdoms?

Organisms are classified into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.

What are the 3 domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.

What are 2 domains of Bacteria?

Autotrophs and heterotrophs.

What is an autotroph?

An organism that can make its own food. Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that cannot make its own food. Signup and view all the answers

What are bacteria?

Prokaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prokaryote?

A unicellular organism whose cells lack a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is in the Domain Archaea and why is it unique?

Organisms that live in extreme conditions such as salty water, gaseous conditions, and very hot water. Signup and view all the answers

What are some Archaea?

Autotrophs and heterotrophs. Signup and view all the answers

What are organisms in the Domain Eukarya?

All eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What are eukaryotes?

Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya?

Protists, fungi, plants, animals. Signup and view all the answers

What are protists?

Any eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as a fungus, plant, or animal. Signup and view all the answers

What is fungi?

Multicellular eukaryotic organisms, except yeast which is unicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What are plants?

A great variety of organisms including giant redwood trees to small mosses. Signup and view all the answers

What are animals?

A great variety of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is classification?

Putting things in groups by similarities. Signup and view all the answers

What is taxonomy?

The scientific study of how organisms are classified. Signup and view all the answers

Why do biologists classify organisms?

To organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study. Signup and view all the answers

What is binomial nomenclature?

The naming system for organisms consisting of a two-part naming system. Signup and view all the answers

What is genus?

A classification grouping of closely related organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is species?

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of species?

Felis domesticus. Signup and view all the answers

What is binomial nomenclature format?

It should be in italics with the first letter of the first word capitalized, e.g., Felis domesticus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of classification?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of living organisms classified as Domain Bacteria?

Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, must be prokaryotes, and are unicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of living organisms classified as Domain Archaea?

Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, must be prokaryotes, and are unicellular. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of living organisms classified as Domain Eukarya?

Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, must be eukaryotes, and are multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organism Classification

Classification based on cell type, food production, and number of cells.
Three main domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Domains of Life

Bacteria: Prokaryotic, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Archaea: Prokaryotic, extremophiles, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Eukarya: Eukaryotic organisms with a nucleus.

Bacteria

Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes.
They can be classified as autotrophs (self-feeders) or heterotrophs (cannot make their own food).

Archaea

Unique organisms that thrive in extreme conditions (saline, hot, or gaseous).
Also classified as autotrophs or heterotrophs.

Eukarya

Consists entirely of eukaryotic organisms.
Organisms have cells containing nuclei.

Kingdoms in Eukarya

Four kingdoms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals.
Protists: Diverse eukaryotic organisms not fitting other categories (e.g., seaweed).
Fungi: Mostly multicellular eukaryotes, except for yeast (unicellular).
Plants: Range from giant trees to small mosses.
Animals: Vast variety of multicellular organisms.

Classification and Taxonomy

Classification groups organisms based on similarities, aiding study.
Taxonomy is the scientific study of these classification systems.

Naming Conventions

Binomial nomenclature: Two-part naming system (genus and species).
Genus: First part of the scientific name, represents related organisms.
Species: Second part, indicates a group capable of interbreeding.
Example: Felis domesticus (genus: Felis, species: domesticus).
Formatting: Italics, capitalize the first letter of the genus name.

Levels of Classification

Hierarchical structure: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Mnemonic: "Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti."

Characteristics of Domains

Domain Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotes, autotrophic or heterotrophic capabilities.
Domain Archaea: Unicellular, prokaryotic, capable of autotrophy or heterotrophy.
Domain Eukarya: Multicellular eukaryotes, capable of autotrophy or heterotrophy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of organisms with these flashcards. Learn about the three domains of life and explore different types of bacteria. This quiz is perfect for reinforcing your understanding of biological classification.