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Questions and Answers
What is condensation?
The process of turning a gas into a liquid.
Explain the difference between physical changes and chemical changes.
Physical changes are reversible and no new substance is created, while chemical changes are irreversible and result in a new substance.
What are the signs that indicate a new substance is created?
Change of color, change of temperature, and the production of a gas (bubbles or a smell).
Define solvent, solute, and solution in the context of dissolving sugar in water.
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How does temperature affect the dissolving of sugar in water?
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Why are chemical changes always irreversible?
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Explain the particle behavior in solids according to the particle model.
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What is the process of turning a liquid into a gas over a period of time?
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Define the melting point of a substance.
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Explain the behavior of particles in gases according to the particle model.
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What is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas?
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Differentiate between evaporation and condensation.
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Study Notes
Physical Changes
- Condensation: turning a gas into a liquid, occurs slowly over time
- Reversible physical changes: changes between states, no changes in substance, particles get closer or farther apart due to temperature change
- Signs of a new substance being created: change of color, change of temperature, gas formation (bubbles or smell), these changes are chemical and irreversible
Temperature and Dissolving
- Dissolving sugar in water: water is the solvent, sugar is the solute, and the solution is formed
- Sugar particles are surrounded by water particles until they seem to disappear
- Higher temperature increases the rate of sugar dissolving in water
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical changes are always irreversible, creating a new substance
- Reactant + reactant = product
- Examples: vinegar + baking soda, iron + oxygen, resulting in rust and bubbles (a gas)
Scientific Enquiry
- Doing research: observing changes over time, looking for patterns, identifying and classifying
- Planning and carrying out a fair test
States of Matter
- Solids: fixed shape, almost impossible to compress
- Liquids: no fixed shape, flow, take shape of container, almost impossible to compress
- Gases: no fixed shape, flow, expand to fill space, easily compressed
Particle Model
- Solids: tightly packed, fixed pattern, vibrate slightly
- Liquids: closely packed, able to move and slide past each other, vibrate constantly
- Gases: far apart, move quickly, vibrate and collide with each other
Heat and Changes of State
- Gaining heat: melting (solid to liquid), boiling (liquid to gas)
- Losing heat: freezing (liquid to solid), condensation (gas to liquid)
- Melting point: temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
- Freezing point: temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
- Boiling point: temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
- Evaporation: process of turning a liquid into a gas, occurs slowly over time
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of scientific inquiry, such as observing changes, identifying patterns, and conducting fair tests, as well as the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases - including their shapes and compressibility.
