Science Revision Year 8

Science Revision Booklet - Year 8

• Plant Anchoring: The root anchors the plant.

• Flower Parts: The stamen is the male part of a flower.

• State Change: When a liquid turns into a gas, it is called evaporation.

• Seed Dispersal: Seeds can be dispersed by movement and carrying.

• Plant Growth Factors: Four things needed for plant growth are: water, sunlight, nutrients, and air/carbon dioxide.

• Plant Nutrients: Plants need nutrients for growth because nutrients provide the building blocks for plant tissues.

• Fertilization and Ovules: When a flower is fertilized, the ovule develops into a seed.

• Pollen Movement: Pollen moves from the flower to the flower.

• Seed Dispersal Methods: A method to disperse seeds is the use of wind or animals.

• Plant Parts and Functions:

  • Root: Anchors the plant, absorbs water and nutrients.
  • Stem: Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant, supports the plant.
  • Leaf: Makes food for the plant through photosynthesis.
  • Flower: Attracts pollinators, aids in reproduction.

• Photosynthesis Process: The process that uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to create energy (glucose) for the plant.

• Photosynthesis Location: Photosynthesis happens in leaves and other green parts of plants.

• Photosynthesis Factors: Four factors critical for photosynthesis: light, water, carbon dioxide, and temperature.

• Plant Organism List: Four of the many kinds of organisms capable of photosynthesis include trees, plants, algae, and some bacteria.

• Plant Diagram Labeling: Students need to label the parts of a plant diagram using a word bank.

• Flower Diagram Labeling: Students need to label the parts of a flower diagram using a word bank.

• Human Health Education:

  • STD: Sexually transmitted diseases.
  • Gonorrhea Symptom: Frequent and painful urination.
  • HIV Infection Impact: HIV can weaken the immune system.
  • HIV Transmission Prevention: Abstaining from sharing needles is a good method for preventing HIV transmission.
  • Alcohol Abuse: Long-term alcohol abuse can cause significant damage to the liver.

• Immunization and Bacteria: Immunization helps fight off infections and bacteria.

• Bacteria Reproduction: Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.

• Bacteria Characteristics: Bacteria can be harmful, produce toxins, aid in digestion, and spread infections.

• Types of Organisms: Organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals rely on various essential functions for sustaining life.

• Animal Characteristics/Skeletal Function:

  • Flatworms: Have a hydrostatic skeleton.
  • Human Skeleton: Endoskeleton.
  • Axial Skeleton: Provides support for the body.
  • Appendicular Skeleton: Supports the limbs, including the spine.
  • Hemopoiesis Location: Red bone marrow.
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• Reproductive Function: The female reproductive organs include the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina. The male reproductive organs are the testes, seminal vesicles, and penis.

• Fertilization Location: Fertilization normally occurs in the Fallopian tube.

• Menstrual Cycle: The menstrual cycle includes the menstrual period and ovulation.

• Sperm Structure: Acrosome helps a sperm to penetrate the egg.

• Sperm/Egg Characteristics: Sperms and eggs each have 23 chromosomes.

• Plant Parts (continued):

  • Stigma: Receives pollen.
  • Style: Connects stigma to the ovary.
  • Ovary: Contains ovules; develops into fruit.
  • Anther: Produces pollen.
  • Filament: Supports the anther.

• Environment/Conservation:

  • Tree Conservation: Conserving trees helps control soil erosion and improves air quality.
  • Water Conservation Methods: Examples are using conservation methods like rainwater harvesting, and reducing water evaporation.
  • Photosynthesis and Oxygen: Photosynthesis is the process that produces oxygen.

• Agriculture:

  • Egg/Meat Poultry:** Broilers are reared for meat production and layers for egg production.
  • Free-Range System: Provides better access to natural food.
  • Poultry Housing Characteristics: A good poultry facility is well-ventilated and protected from predators.
  • Incubation Types: Natural and artificial incubation.

• Light:

  • Eyelid Function: Protects and moistens the eye.
  • Pupil Function: Controls light entering the eye.
  • Retina Function: Converts light signals into electrical signals.
  • Lens Function: Focuses light onto the retina.
  • Eye Parts: Include cornea, iris, lens, and retina.
  • Short vs. Long-Sightedness: Affect the ability to see, corrected by lens adjustments.
  • Light Transmission and the Eye: Describes various light related aspects of the eye.