Science Reviewer 1st Quarter: Plate Boundaries

Questions and Answers

What type of crust is characterized as thicker and less dense, floating over oceanic crust?

Asthenospheric Crust

Lithospheric Crust

Oceanic Crust

Continental Crust (correct)

Which type of tectonic plate is typically younger, thinner, and denser?

Oceanic Crust (correct)

Mantle Plate

Continental Crust

Lithospheric Plate

What geological feature is typically arranged in a line connected by high ground, often in proximity to volcanoes?

River Systems

Plateaus

Mountain Ranges (correct)

Desert Plains

What phenomenon is foundational to the movement of lithospheric plates?

Convection Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Earth is solid but can be molded, lying beneath the lithosphere?

Asthenosphere Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes volcanic activity classification?

Active, dormant, and extinct Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the lithospheric plates?

Solid and part of Earth's outer layer Signup and view all the answers

Where are earthquakes most likely to occur based on their distribution?

Near tectonic plate boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What does the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) measure?

The relative explosiveness of volcanic eruptions Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

Triangulation method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the National Disaster Risk Reduction Framework?

Preparing the nation and communities for disasters and hazards Signup and view all the answers

What does 'community-based disaster and risk management' focus on?

Creating a disaster management plan with local participation Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to an unbiased analysis of information related to social sciences?

Identifying bias Signup and view all the answers

What defines a society in this context?

A group of people sharing laws, traditions, and values Signup and view all the answers

What do primary and secondary sources refer to in research?

Different types of data sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of disaster management?

To design activities to maintain order during disasters Signup and view all the answers

What is resilience in the context of communities facing disasters?

The ability to recover from disasters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines vulnerability in this context?

High likelihood of being affected by hazards Signup and view all the answers

What does a vulnerability assessment evaluate?

The weaknesses within a community facing hazards Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hazard assessment?

To estimate potential areas of impact from hazards Signup and view all the answers

What does convergence of two oceanic crustal plates lead to?

Development of trenches and volcanic islands Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by divergent boundaries in plate tectonics?

Tectonic plates moving apart from each other Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible outcome of a tectonic plate's leading edge flicking upward?

Sudden generation of tsunamis Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the geological features formed by divergent boundaries?

Mid-Ocean ridges Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the bottom-up approach in disaster management?

Leadership from grassroots local communities. Signup and view all the answers

Which method evaluates the capability of a community to face environmental challenges?

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the permanent destruction of forests due to human activity or natural calamities?

Deforestation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes disaster preparedness?

Taking steps before and during a disaster occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by waste that comes from households and commercial establishments?

Solid Waste Signup and view all the answers

What does disaster response include?

Restoring damaged infrastructure after calamities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hazard mapping?

Identification of areas at risk from hazards. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'loss' refer to in disaster management?

Temporary service interruption and production loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of mid-ocean ridges?

They are continuous ranges of underwater volcanoes. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the process that leads to the formation of new oceanic crust?

Sea Floor Spreading Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for creating fault lines and rift valleys?

Transform Fault Boundary movements Signup and view all the answers

What evidence did scientists use to support the Continental Drift Theory?

Matching rock formations and fossil distributions Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with proposing the idea of Continental Drift?

Alfred Wegener Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about rift valleys is true?

Rift valleys can eventually become mid-ocean ridges. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the molten magma that erupts at mid-ocean ridges?

It cools down to create new oceanic crust. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the San Andreas Fault?

It is a transform fault boundary where plates slide past each other. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plate Boundaries and Tectonic Processes

Plate boundaries are lines at the edges of different lithospheric pieces.
Volcanoes release ash, magma, and lava through a crater; can be active, dormant, or extinct.
Mountain ranges often form near volcanic sites and are aligned with high ground.

Types of Crust/Tectonic Plates

Continental Crust: Outermost, thicker, less dense, floats over oceanic crust due to buoyancy.
Ocean Crust: Thinner, denser, forms the seafloor; younger than continental crust and sinks due to lower buoyancy.

Major Tectonic Plates

Seven large tectonic plates include African, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American, Indo-Australian, and Pacific Plates.
Earthquake distribution tends to occur in narrow zones, particularly at continental edges.

Earth's Internal Layers

Mantle: Layer of silicate rock between the crust and outer core, responsible for convection currents.
Lithosphere: Solid outer part of Earth, forms tectonic plates.
Asthenosphere: Upper layer of mantle, solid but moldable; convection occurs here.

Geological Events

Convergent Boundaries: Interaction between plates leads to volcanic arcs, earthquakes, and subduction zones.
Divergent Boundaries: Plates move apart, creating mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and shallow earthquakes.
Transform Fault Boundaries: Plates slide past each other, forming fault lines (e.g., San Andreas Fault).

Earthquake Detection and Characteristics

Geophysical hazard maps show areas prone to geological hazards.
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) measures eruption explosiveness.
Triangulation method locates earthquake epicenters.

Disaster Management Concepts

National Disaster Risk Reduction Framework: Preparedness guidelines for nations and communities during hazards.
Community-Based Disaster and Risk Management (CBDRM): Involves local cooperation in disaster planning and response.
Disaster Preparedness: Actions undertaken before and during disasters to minimize damage.

Key Environmental Issues

Climate Change: Increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters.
Deforestation: Long-term destruction of forests, affecting ecosystems.
Solid Waste Problem: Increasing plastic pollution and waste management challenges.

Theories of Earth's Movements

Continental Drift Theory: Proposed by Alfred Wegener; Pangaea broke into Laurasia and Gondwanaland, explaining the geological fit of continents.
Sea Floor Spreading: New oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges; evidence includes magma eruption and magnetic stripes on the ocean floor.

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Description

This quiz covers the various plate boundaries, processes, and landforms associated with the convergence of tectonic plates. Understand the distinction between volcanic formations and different types of Earth's crust, including the continental crust. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact within the lithosphere.