Science Quiz: Weight, Changes, and Molecules
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Questions and Answers

How is the weight of an object influenced when the gravitational force on the object is increased?

  • The weight increases (correct)
  • The weight decreases
  • It depends on the size of the object
  • The weight remains the same

    • The weight of an object is?

  • A measure of the object's density
  • None of the above
  • A measure of the gravitational force pulling the object toward the earth (correct)
  • The mass of the object multiplied by its volume

    • The fact that gold does not corrode is a?

  • Physical property
  • Chemical change
  • Chemical property (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following represents a physical change in matter?

    <p>A substance solidifies at 443K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The melting of ice to liquid water is correctly classified as?

    <p>A physical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chemical property of matter?

    <p>Flammability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As two clear liquid solutions are added together, a red solid forms. This change is most likely?

    <p>A chemical change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances are composed of heteroatomic molecules?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecule represented by O-O-O must be classified as?

    <p>Homoatomic and polyatomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms correctly applies to a molecule of CO2?

    <p>Triatomic, heteroatomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Table salt, NaCl is best classified as a(n):

    <p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homoatomic pure substances are known as:

    <p>Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After heating, a pure substance, A, is found to produce both B and C. What can be said about the substance A?

    <p>It is a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

    <p>NaOH solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic unit of length in the metric system is the:

    <p>Meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is CaO the symbol for calcium oxide instead of Cao?

    <p>A capital letter means a new symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the two in ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH?

    <p>There are two carbon atoms per molecule of ethyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A molecular formula:

    <p>Is represented using the symbols of the elements in the formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by carbon-12?

    <p>The carbon atom has a relative mass of approximately 12 amu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to a periodic table and tell how many helium atoms (He) would be needed to get close to the same mass as an average oxygen atom (O)?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the molecular weight of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 in u.

    <p>34.02</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using whole numbers, determine the molecular weight of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.

    <p>74</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carries a negative charge?

    <p>An electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is located in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isotopes differ from each other in what way?

    <p>They have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for dinitrogen monoxide is N2O. If a sample of the oxide was found to contain 0.0800 g of oxygen, how many grams of nitrogen would it contain?

    <p>0.140</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of hydrogen atoms in a 18.016 gram sample of water?

    <p>1.204 x 10^24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for bromine?

    <p>Br</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of moles of water in one liter of water if one gram of water takes up one milliliter of space?

    <p>55.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms are in 1.00 mole of NH3?

    <p>18.1 x 10^23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following distinguishing electron configurations is characteristic of noble gases?

    <p>np^6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would cause a calcium atom (Ca) to achieve a noble gas configuration?

    <p>Lose two electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula weight of Ca(OH)2?

    <p>74.1 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a noble gas electronic configuration?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When magnesium forms an ion, it would be represented as:

    <p>Mg^2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electronic changes will cause a Group VA (15) element to achieve a noble gas configuration?

    <p>Gain three electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ionic compound that forms between magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) has the formula:

    <p>MgO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an ionic compound forms between sodium (Na) and bromine (Br) atoms, it is true that:

    <p>A sodium atom donates an electron to a bromine anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct name for CeS is:

    <p>Cerium sulfide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rigid three-dimensional arrangement assumed by the ions of ionic compounds is called a:

    <p>Crystal lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would you expect to be the most polar molecule?

    <p>H2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct electron dot formula for a group IIIA (13) element M?

    <p>@M@</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular forces leads to compounds with the lowest melting points?

    <p>Dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct name for K2SO4 is:

    <p>Potassium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A polar molecule must have:

    <p>A positive and a negative end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct name for KHPO4 is:

    <p>Potassium hydrogen phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be a polar molecule?

    <p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of a liquid such as mercury is used in a liquid-in-glass thermometer?

    <p>Thermal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gas sample is collected in a balloon. What happens to the density of the gas sample as the sample is heated?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potential energy resulting from the attraction of particles:

    <p>More than one response is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the kinetic energy of a particle change if the particle's velocity is increased by a factor of 3?

    <p>Kinetic energy increases by a factor of 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cohesive forces in matter are related to

    <p>Potential energy from particle attractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High density is characteristic of which state of matter?

    <p>More than one response is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Definite shape is a characteristic of which state of matter?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small compressibility is a characteristic of which state of matter?

    <p>More than one response is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convert a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius into Kelvins

    <p>318K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the pressure on a gas at a constant temperature does what to the volume of the gas?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    2500 liters of oxygen gas is produced at 1.00 atm of pressure. It is to be compressed and stored in a 20.0 liter cylinder. If temperature is constant, calculate the pressure of the oxygen in the cylinder.

    <p>125 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 5.00 liter sample of gas measured at 27.0 degrees Celsius and 1.25 atm of pressure has a mass of 10.13 g. What is the molecular weight of the gas in u?

    <p>39.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The force resulting from particle motion is referred to as:

    <p>Disruptive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Near room temperature, air has a density of 1.18 x 10^-3 g/mL. What volume will 30.77 g of air occupy?

    <p>2.61 x 10^4 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly arranges the physical states of matter (gas -g, solid -s, liquid - l) in order of increasing energy of the particles (lowest to highest)?

    <p>s &lt; l &lt; g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an exergonic process, the system:

    <p>Loses energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 20 degrees Celsius, a sample of solid spontaneously sublimes to a gas. This change in state is accompanied by which of the following changes in the solid sample?

    <p>Entropy and energy increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of entropy:

    <p>Is employed as an indicator of disorder in a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interpretations of the spontaneous chemical reaction is correct?

    <p>The entropy on the right of the equation is greater than that on the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most automobiles function by burning gasoline by a process similar to the equation in which octane is burned: C8H18 + O2 ---> CO2 + H20 + heat (not balanced)

    <p>It explains why a car stops running when there is no gas in the fuel tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states of matter generally has the lowest entropy?

    <p>Crystalline solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catalytic action is:

    <p>Directly opposed by inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide, but only if the high activation energy is supplied. Which condition will lower the activation energy the most?

    <p>Using a catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy required to start some spontaneous processes is called:

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will influence all reaction rates?

    <p>More than one response is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homogeneous catalysts are thought to function by:

    <p>Lowering activation energy of a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Weight and Gravitation

    • Weight increases with an increase in gravitational force on an object.
    • Weight is defined as the measure of the gravitational force pulling an object toward the Earth.

    Chemical and Physical Changes

    • Gold’s resistance to corrosion is a chemical property.
    • A physical change is illustrated when a substance solidifies, such as at 443K.
    • Melting ice to liquid water is classified as a physical change.
    • Flammability is identified as a chemical property of matter.
    • The formation of a solid from two clear liquids indicates a chemical change.

    Molecular Composition

    • Heteroatomic molecules include substances like water.
    • A molecule represented as O-O-O is classified as homoatomic and polyatomic.
    • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is triatomic and heteroatomic.
    • Table salt (NaCl) is classified as a compound, while homoatomic pure substances are known as elements.

    Compounds and Mixtures

    • A pure substance that produces more than one substance upon heating is a compound.
    • An example of a homogeneous mixture is a sodium hydroxide solution.

    Metric System and Chemical Formula

    • The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter.
    • The formula for ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) indicates two carbon atoms per molecule.

    Molecular Weight and Moles

    • Molecular weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is approximately 34.02 u.
    • Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) has a molecular weight of 74 u.
    • One liter of water contains about 55.6 moles, and a sample of water weighing 18.016 grams has 1.204 x 10^24 hydrogen atoms.

    Atomic Structure

    • Electrons carry a negative charge, while protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.
    • Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons within their nucleus.

    Reactions and Stoichiometry

    • The formula for dinitrogen monoxide (N2O) can be used to calculate nitrogen content based on oxygen mass.
    • Various conversions can determine gas properties such as density and molecular weight under specific conditions.

    States of Matter and Energy

    • Experiments involving gas under pressure show that volume decreases with increased pressure.
    • The density of near room temperature air is approximately 1.18 x 10^-3 g/mL.

    Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics

    • In exothermic processes, the system loses energy, while entropy is an indicator of system disorder.
    • Catalysts lower activation energy, facilitating reactions; inhibitors oppose this effect.

    Properties of Matter

    • Solid matter has a definite shape and high density.
    • The melting states of matter are organized as solid < liquid < gas in terms of increasing particle energy.

    Electronic Configurations and Ion Formation

    • Noble gases exhibit an electronic configuration characterized by np^6.
    • Atoms achieve noble gas configuration by electron transfer, such as calcium losing two electrons or group VA elements gaining three.

    Chemical Reactions and Catalytic Action

    • The addition of catalysts will influence reaction rates and lower the activation energy necessary for reactions to occur.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on topics of weight and gravitation, chemical and physical changes, and molecular composition. This quiz combines essential concepts from chemistry and physics, helping you understand how substances interact and transform. Dive in to see how well you grasp these fundamental ideas!

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