Science Quiz: Day, Night, and Seasons

Study Notes

The Earth rotates on its axis in 24 hours, which defines a day.
One side faces the sun, experiencing daytime, while the opposite side experiences nighttime.
The sun does not shine through to the opposite side of the Earth.
Each side experiences approximately 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night.
The transition between day and night involves sunrise and sunset.

The Earth's axial tilt (23.5°) causes seasons.
The hemisphere tilted towards the sun experiences summer with more direct sunlight and longer days.
The hemisphere tilted away from the sun experiences winter with less direct sunlight and shorter days.
Spring and autumn occur during transitional periods with roughly equal sunlight for both hemispheres.

Solar eclipses occur when the moon is between the Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on Earth.
Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth is between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow on the moon.
A solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks the sun's light due to its position between the Earth and the sun.
A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon, making the moon appear dark or red.
Eclipses don't occur monthly because the moon's orbit around Earth is tilted, and they only occur when everything aligns precisely.

Time zones divide the Earth into 24 sections, each one hour apart.
The Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England serves as the starting line for all time zones.
Each section to the east of the Prime Meridian adds an hour, while each section to the west subtracts an hour.

Organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics for simpler identification.
Classification involves categorizing organisms based on physical features, genetic makeup, and evolutionary history.

Living organisms exhibit the following characteristics: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition (MRSGREN).
These characteristics distinguish living things from non-living things.
Movement refers to the ability of living things to change position.
Respiration is the process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide to obtain energy.
Sensitivity is the ability to respond to changes in the environment.
Growth is the increase in size and complexity over time.
Reproduction is the ability to produce offspring.
Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body.
Nutrition is the process of obtaining and utilizing food for energy.