Science Quiz: Biology & Chemistry Concepts

The kidneys are the main organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted.

The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Plants make proteins using nitrates.

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within an object.

A device used to measure the temperature of a substance, often in degrees Celsius (°C).

The transfer of heat through electromagnetic radiation, like sunlight.

The total amount of energy that a substance has due to the movement of its particles.

Increasing the speed of particles within a substance. This usually leads to an increase in temperature.

The process of heat transfer through direct contact between substances, where hotter particles transfer energy to cooler particles.

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, like liquids or gases. Hotter fluids rise and displace cooler fluids.

An event where a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a solution.

A metal that is more reactive than iron is able to displace iron from its compound in a solution, forming a new compound.

A chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound.

The process of heat flowing from a warmer object to a colder object, resulting in a decrease in temperature.

A chemical reaction in which light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

The breakdown of dead organisms or organic matter into simpler substances, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

The process of releasing energy from organic compounds, often in the form of heat, using oxygen.

The mass of water lost over the 24 hour period is very small, meaning a very small amount of water evaporated from the experiment. This suggests that the experiment was tightly controlled.

The average diameter of the crater is calculated by adding all the diameters of the crater for a particular ball size and dividing by the number of craters measured.

Reliability means that the experiment is repeatable with consistent results. If the experiment was performed again, the results would be very similar.

If the experiment produces similar results when repeated, it is said to be reliable. This is important to ensure that the findings are accurate and not a result of random events.

The results of the experiment show that the diameter of the crater increases with the diameter of the ball. This suggests that the larger balls create bigger craters.

It is a type of chemical bond where atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, holding them together.

Methane is a simple molecule with only four atoms. It is a gas at room temperature and is colorless, odorless, and flammable. This is due to its small size and weak intermolecular forces.

The total number of electrons in a molecule of methane is ten. There are four electrons from the hydrogen atoms and six electrons from the carbon atom.

Methane has four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom shares an electron with each of the four hydrogen atoms, forming four single covalent bonds.

Because the covalent bonds are strong,methane will be difficult to break apart. It will resist changes to its structure.

Root hair cells are specialized cells in the root that are adapted for absorbing water from the soil. They have a large surface area to increase the rate of water absorption.

The xylem is a tube-like structure in the stem of a plant that transports water from the roots to the leaves. It is made up of dead cells with thick walls, forming a continuous pathway for water movement.

Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface of leaves through tiny pores called stomata. This evaporation creates a pulling force that draws water up the xylem from the roots.

Mia uses a fresh sample of iron sulfate solution each time to ensure that the concentration of iron sulfate remains consistent throughout the experiment. Using the same sample would lead to a decrease in concentration over time, potentially affecting the results.

The oil layer prevents water from evaporating from the conical flask. This is important to ensure that the change in mass of the flask and its contents reflects only the water lost by the plant shoot.

The mass of water lost by the plant shoot is calculated by subtracting the mass of the flask, its contents, and the plant shoot after 24 hours from the initial mass at the start of the experiment.

Using a different balance introduces another variable that could affect the results. This makes it difficult to isolate the effect of transpiration on the mass of the plant shoot.

To isolate the effect of transpiration on the mass of the plant shoot, Carlos needs to control all other variables. Using the same balance throughout the experiment ensures that any change in mass is due to water loss from the plant, not from an error in the balance itself.

Water absorption by roots is an important process because it provides the plant with water, which is essential for photosynthesis and other vital functions. Water is transported up the stem to the leaves, where it is used in transpiration and photosynthesis.

Water loss from the surface of the leaf is essential for maintaining a constant flow of water from the roots to the leaves. Transpiration helps to cool the plant down and regulate the water balance in the plant.