Science Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What science studies the composition and properties of matter?

Chemistry (correct)

Physics

Geology

Oceanography

Which branch of science focuses specifically on animals?

Genetics

Botany

Sociology

Zoology (correct)

Which theory suggests that life was created by God?

Theory of Special Creation (correct)

Theory of Panspermia

Theory of Evolution

Theory of Catastrophism

What does the field of oceanography primarily study?

Life and ecosystems in marine environments Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of science deals with the study of heredity?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of geology?

History and structure of the Earth Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes organisms that are unicellular and lack membrane-bound organelles?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of natural science?

Sociology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Prokaryota Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of chemical evolution suggest?

Organic molecules developed by natural processes Signup and view all the answers

Which group includes both multicellular organisms and those capable of photosynthesis?

Protista Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is shared by all organisms in the domain Archaea?

Extreme environmental adaptations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a kingdom with its characteristic?

Fungi - heterotrophic organisms Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some energy during energy transformations in organisms?

It is transformed into heat and released into the surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary metabolites NOT directly involved in?

Photosynthesis processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups includes compounds with pharmacological effects?

Secondary metabolites Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a feature of living things?

They have cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phenolic compounds in plants?

They play a role in plant defense. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about alkaloids is true?

They are found in traditional medicines. Signup and view all the answers

What is phytoremediation?

The use of hyperaccumulator plants to remove heavy metals from soil Signup and view all the answers

What does biosynthesis refer to in biological terms?

The synthesis of metabolites in living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes plants?

Plants have chlorophyll and can make their own food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about animals is true?

Animals have the ability to move fairly freely Signup and view all the answers

Which secondary metabolite is known for its germicidal properties?

Phenolics Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals as part of their metabolic processes?

Primary metabolites Signup and view all the answers

What defines inorganic compounds?

They contain no living organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chlorophyll in plants?

To enable photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an electron?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Homo Neanderthalensis?

They were known for their advanced tool-making ability Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells can be either unicellular or multicellular. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism is classified under the domain Eukarya?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of plant pathology?

Exploring plant diseases and their control. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with prokaryotic organisms?

They are unicellular organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What role do plants play in food chains?

They serve as producers at the base of most food chains. Signup and view all the answers

What does paleobotany study?

The biology and evolution of plants through fossil records. Signup and view all the answers

What does modern cell theory state?

All living things are made of one or more cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?

They can contain membrane-bound organelles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science

Science is a systematic study of facts and truths
It's divided into three main categories: Natural Science, Social Science, and Applied Science

Natural Science

Deals with the physical and natural world

Physical Science

Physics studies matter, energy, and their interactions
Chemistry studies the composition, properties, reactions, and structure of matter
Earth Science includes geology, which studies the Earth's origin, history, and structure, and oceanography, which explores the oceans

Includes sociology, history, and political science

Applied Science

Includes agronomy, agriculture, and education
Agronomists apply knowledge to improve plant and animal production

Theories of the Origin of Life

Theory of Special Creation: Life was created by a divine being
- Supported by Hindu, Christian, and Sikh mythologies
Theory of Catastrophism: Several creations of life by God, modified from the Theory of Special Creation
- Georges Cuvier and Orbigney were proponents
Theory of Panspermia: Life originated from heavenly bodies.
- Proposed by Richer and Arrhenius
Theory of Chemical Evolution: Life originated from non-living matter through a process of chemical reactions.
- Also called the Materialistic Theory

Characteristic of Living and Non-living Things

Living things are currently alive or have been alive
Non-living things have never been alive

Plants vs Animals

Plants are rooted in one place and do not move independently
Plants produce their own food using chlorophyll
Plants release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide
Plant cells have cell walls
Plants have limited or basic sensory capabilities
Animals are able to move freely
Animals cannot produce their own food and rely on plants and other animals
Animals release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen

The Chemical Composition of Cells

Cells consist of organic and inorganic compounds
Rinorea niccolifera, a nickel-eating plant, was discovered in the Philippines
Hyperaccumulator plant species can absorb high levels of heavy metals.
Phytoremediation uses hyperaccumulator plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils.
Phytomining uses hyperaccumulator plants to extract valuable metals

Elements of Life

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Secondary Metabolites

Not directly involved in plant growth and development
Used as medicines, flavorings, and recreational drugs
Include alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics

Kingdoms and Domains

Three Domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Six Kingdoms of life (within the three domains): Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi
Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles, are unicellular, and are typically heterotrophic
Eukaryotes are unicellular or multicellular, with membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells

Protista

Includes protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds,

Fungi

Includes molds and yeasts

Plant Pathology

Studies plant diseases and their control

Paleobotany

Studies plant fossils to understand plant evolution

Economic Botany

Studies the economic impact of plants, including their use for food, clothing, and shelter

Significance of Botany

Provides food for the world as plants form the base of most food chains
Helps understand fundamental life processes
Provides insight into plant responses to climate change

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various branches of science, including natural, social, and applied sciences. Explore theories of the origin of life and their implications across different cultures. This quiz covers essential concepts in physics, chemistry, and more.