Science of Early Childhood Development
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Questions and Answers

What can alter family inheritance despite genetic factors?

Environmental factors

What do children develop as early as the first year of life that can be influenced by their experiences?

Capacity to learn to control impulses, focus attention, and retain information in memory

How do close relationships with nurturing and reliably available adults affect young children's development?

Promote social and emotional development

What can undermine children's ability to establish secure expectations about whether and how their needs will be met?

<p>Frequent disruptions in care, high staff turnover, and poor-quality interactions in early childhood program settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are basic aspects of brain function, such as the ability to see and hear effectively, affected by early experiences?

<p>They depend critically on very early experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text say about the window of opportunity for brain development after a child's third birthday?

<p>It remains open far beyond age 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can severe neglect be as great a threat to as physical abuse?

<p>Health and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do young children who experienced prolonged periods of neglect exhibit more of, compared to children who have been victimized by overt physical maltreatment?

<p>Cognitive impairments, attention problems, language deficits, academic difficulties, withdrawn behavior, and problems with peer interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions in early relationships does the text mention as being disrupted by severe neglect?

<p>Serve and return interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What continues to develop well into adolescence and early adulthood?

<p>Regions of the brain dedicated to higher-order functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are infants and young children affected by significant stresses in their family and caregiving environments?

<p>Adversely</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to physical and chemical disruptions in the brain that can last a lifetime in infants and young children?

<p>Adverse fetal and early childhood experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of the environment in which one develops before and soon after birth?

<p>Powerful experiences that chemically modify certain genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does development affect life outcomes?

<p>Highly interactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can adverse fetal and early childhood experiences lead to, in addition to impairments in future learning capacity and behavior?

<p>Poor physical and mental health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can the physical and chemical disruptions in the brain from adverse fetal and early childhood experiences last?

<p>A lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

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