Science History: Ancient Science and the Scientific Revolution
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Questions and Answers

Which period is characterized by a shift from reliance on ancient authorities to observation and experimentation?

  • 20th-Century Science
  • Ancient Science
  • The Scientific Revolution (correct)
  • 19th-Century Science

Which scientist's work on germ theory significantly impacted medicine and food preservation?

  • John Dalton
  • Charles Darwin
  • Michael Faraday
  • Louis Pasteur (correct)

Which concept, described by Thomas Kuhn, refers to a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline?

  • Technological Advancements
  • Social Context
  • Scientific Method
  • Paradigm Shift (correct)

Which historiographical approach emphasizes the social, political, and economic factors influencing the development of science?

<p>Externalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's X-ray diffraction work was crucial in determining the structure of DNA?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is viewed as marking the beginning of the Space Age?

<p>The launch of Sputnik (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did the ancient civilizations NOT make to the development of early science?

<p>Development of the first formal peer review process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant impact of John Dalton's atomic theory?

<p>Establishing atoms as the fundamental units of matter. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the trial of Galileo symbolize during the Scientific Revolution?

<p>The conflict between emerging scientific thinking and established religious authority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does science history play in today's world?

<p>It provides context for understanding the development of scientific knowledge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the study of science history contribute to critical thinking?

<p>By fostering an understanding of science as a human endeavor, influenced by various factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Manhattan Project during World War II?

<p>To produce the first nuclear weapons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which development is Michael Faraday most known for?

<p>The relationship between electricity and magnetism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a presentist approach to science history?

<p>Evaluating historical scientific theories based on current scientific understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Royal Society, founded in London in 1660?

<p>Promoting scientific exchange and collaboration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Science History

The study of science's development, covering natural and social sciences, examining changes in knowledge and practices over time.

Ancient Science

Civilizations that significantly advanced math, astronomy, and medicine.

Scientific Revolution

A European shift (16th-18th centuries) from ancient authority to observation and experimentation.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered) solar system model.

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Isaac Newton

Formulated laws of motion and universal gravitation.

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John Dalton's Atomic Theory

Dalton established that atoms are fundamental units of matter.

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Charles Darwin's Theory

Darwin explained the diversity of life through natural selection.

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Einstein's Theory of Relativity

Einstein transformed understanding of space, time, and gravity.

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Paradigm Shift

Fundamental change in a scientific discipline's concepts and practices.

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Scientific Method

Systematic research approach: observe, hypothesize, experiment, analyze.

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Social Context

Cultural and historical factors influencing funding, institutions, and beliefs.

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Internalism

Focuses on the development of scientific ideas within science itself.

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Presentism

Interprets past events with present-day values/knowledge.

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Science Communication

Dissemination of scientific findings to promote understanding.

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Archimedes

Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer.

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Study Notes

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Description

Explore the development of science through history, from ancient civilizations to the Scientific Revolution. Learn about the contributions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and China to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Discover how the Scientific Revolution shifted reliance towards observation and experimentation.

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