Science Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following processes is most directly responsible for the creation of new landforms, such as mountain ranges?

  • Weathering of existing rock structures
  • Deposition of sediments in river deltas
  • Plate tectonics and related geological activity (correct)
  • Erosion by wind and water

The Coriolis effect, caused by Earth's rotation, most directly influences which of the following meteorological phenomena?

  • The rate of evaporation from large bodies of water
  • The frequency of lightning strikes during thunderstorms
  • The intensity of solar radiation at the equator
  • The direction of wind patterns and ocean currents (correct)

How do ocean currents contribute to global climate regulation?

  • By transferring heat from the equator toward the poles (correct)
  • By accelerating the melting of polar ice caps through friction
  • By uniformly distributing salt concentrations across different latitudes
  • By intensifying the effects of solar flares on coastal regions

A car accelerates from rest. Which of the following explains the relationship between the work done on the car and its kinetic energy?

<p>The work done is equal to the change in the car's kinetic energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following human activities has the most significant impact on the nitrogen cycle, leading to environmental concerns such as eutrophication?

<p>The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in temperature typically affect the rate of a chemical reaction, and why?

<p>Increases the rate because more molecules have the activation energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetics, what is the most significant implication of mutations in DNA?

<p>Mutations are the primary source of genetic variation in a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to dissolve a wide range of chemical substances?

<p>Its polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and energy of electromagnetic waves?

<p>As frequency increases, wavelength decreases, and energy increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem, and why are they essential for its sustainability?

<p>They break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geology

The study of Earth's physical structure, composition, and the processes shaping it.

Meteorology

The study of the atmosphere, weather, and climate.

Oceanography

The study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of oceans.

Environmental Science

Interdisciplinary field studying interactions between humans and the environment.

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Mechanics

The study of motion and forces.

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Thermodynamics

Deals with heat, work, and energy transfer.

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Electromagnetism

Explores the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.

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Optics

The study of light and its behavior.

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Nuclear Physics

Studies the structure, properties, and reactions of atomic nuclei.

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Organic Chemistry

Studies carbon-containing compounds and their reactions.

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Study Notes

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