Questions and Answers
What is Buckminsterfullerene also known as?
Buckyballs
What is the largest moon of Jupiter?
Ganymede
What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?
Cell growth and preparation for mitosis
What does CERN stand for?
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What is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, located below the mesosphere?
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What is the largest living lizard species?
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What term refers to substances that dissolve solutes?
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What are Auxins responsible for in plants?
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Study Notes
Buckminsterfullerene (Buckyballs)
- Smallest and most stable carbon allotrope with formula C60.
- Structure is a truncated icosahedron, resembling a soccer ball or the lens configuration in the Fat Man atomic bomb.
- No two pentagons in the structure share an edge, causing slight destabilization.
Ganymede
- Largest moon in the solar system, orbiting Jupiter.
- Features two large impact basins named Isis and Gilgamesh.
- Contains a hypothesized subsurface saltwater ocean and light-colored terrain of the Arbela Sulcus.
- Largest plain is Galileo Regio, which has the Memphis Facula.
- Only moon with its own magnetosphere, and Voyager 2 confirmed its size greater than Titan.
Interphase
- Majority of the cell's life cycle occurs during this phase with no cell division.
- Key processes include CKI-p16 inhibiting CDK4/6 and cyclin E interacting with CDK2.
- Comprises G1 and G2 checkpoints and the S phase where sister chromatids form.
- MPF activates CDK for the transition to the next phase after.
CERN
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, located in Switzerland.
- Home to the Large Hadron Collider, operational since 2007 for Higgs boson research.
- Conducts experiments like NA48 and employed key figures such as Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer.
- Contains the Gargamelle bubble chamber and experiments involving liquid krypton for CP-violation studies.
Stratosphere
- Second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, situated above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.
- Extends from 10 km to 50 km in altitude, with increasing temperatures at higher elevations.
- No regular convection occurs in this layer; temperature has decreased by 0.5 °C per decade since 1979.
- Contains the Antarctic ozone hole and was targeted by German World War I artillery (Paris Gun).
Komodo Dragon
- Largest living lizard species, named by W. Douglas Burden after a 1926 expedition.
- Native to specific islands in Indonesia, where they're regarded as sacred by locals.
- Dangerous bite due to bacteria in saliva, leading to severe infections and potential death.
Solvent
- Substances that dissolve solutes; water is termed the universal solvent.
- Examples include acetone, used for cleaning lab equipment and in nail polish remover.
- DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent; partition coefficients help compare concentrations in phases.
- Freeze point depression constants relate to this component, which is key in defining molality and molarity.
Auxins
- Plant hormones produced from tryptophan, affecting growth and tropisms.
- Function involves polar transport through parenchyma cells in coleoptile tissue.
- Activates expansins, loosening cellulose microfibrils to help cells absorb water, as per the acid growth hypothesis.
- High concentrations stimulate ethylene production; used as an herbicide due to dicot sensitivity.
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Test your knowledge on Buckminsterfullerene, its unique structure, and significance in science. This flashcard quiz will help you understand its properties and real-world applications, enhancing your comprehension of carbon allotropes.
