Science Facts and Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which subatomic particle is NOT located within the nucleus of an atom?

  • Alpha Particle
  • Proton
  • Electron (correct)
  • Neutron

Ocean acidification is primarily caused by an increase in what?

  • Plastic pollution
  • Dissolved carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) (correct)
  • Oil spills
  • Increased salinity

Which compound is NOT a direct product of cellular respiration?

  • Glucose (correct)
  • ATP
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water

The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ______.

<p>ohm</p>
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Which of Newton's laws directly relates to the conservation of momentum in an isolated system?

<p>Third Law (B)</p>
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What type of chemical bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent (C)</p>
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The Earth's inner core is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What vitamin does the human body produce when exposed to sunlight?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p>
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In which cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place?

<p>Chloroplast (B)</p>
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What is the approximate normal pH range of human blood?

<p>7.35-7.45</p>
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Which subatomic particle carries no electrical charge?

<p>Neutron (C)</p>
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What is the main function of ribosomes within a cell?

<p>Protein synthesis (A)</p>
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_______ is the constant representing the number of entities in one mole, approximately 6.022 x 10^23.

<p>Avogadro's number</p>
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Which endocrine gland primarily regulates metabolism?

<p>Thyroid (B)</p>
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Fluorine has the lowest electronegativity of all elements

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which organ in the human body produces insulin?

<p>Pancreas (A)</p>
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What is the atomic number of carbon?

<p>6 (A)</p>
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The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is called what?

<p>Transpiration (C)</p>
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The principle that explains how airplanes achieve lift due to the pressure difference created by airflow is named _______'s principle.

<p>Bernoulli</p>
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Which of the following describes the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

<p>Energy production (C)</p>
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Flashcards

What is an electron?

A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

What is ocean acidification?

The process where the ocean's pH decreases due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbed from the atmosphere.

What is Glucose?

A monosaccharide (simple sugar) that is a product of photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

What is the Ohm?

The standard unit of electrical resistance, representing the opposition to current flow.

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What is Newton's Third Law?

This law states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.

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What is a Covalent Bond?

A type of chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms, forming molecules.

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What is the Earth's outer core?

The molten metallic layer located beneath the Earth's mantle.

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What is Vitamin D?

A fat-soluble vitamin synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, essential for bone health and calcium absorption.

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What is a Chloroplast?

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, containing chlorophyll.

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What is 7.4?

The approximate pH of human blood and is slightly alkaline.

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What is a Neutron?

A subatomic particle that has no electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

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What is protein synthesis?

The process by which cells create protein molecules.

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What is Avogadro's number?

The number of atoms in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

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What is the thyroid?

A gland in the neck that regulates metabolism by releasing hormones.

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What is Fluorine?

Chemical element with the highest electronegativity.

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What is the Pancreas?

An organ in the abdomen that produces insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar levels.

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What is the atomic number of carbon?

The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom is 6.

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What is transpiration?

The process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata in their leaves.

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What is Bernoulli's principle?

The principle that explains how airplanes fly by relating air speed to pressure.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

The organelle responsible for generating most of the cell's energy through cellular respiration.

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Study Notes

  • Electrons are NOT found in the nucleus of an atom.
  • Ocean acidification is mainly caused by COâ‚‚ dissolving into seawater.
  • Glucose is not a product of cellular respiration.
  • The SI unit of electric resistance is the Ohm.
  • Newton's Third Law explains the conservation of momentum in an isolated system.
  • Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
  • The Earth's outer core is liquid.
  • Vitamin D is synthesized by the human body when exposed to sunlight.
  • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
  • The approximate pH of human blood is 7.4.
  • Neutrons have no electrical charge.
  • The function of ribosomes in a cell is protein synthesis.
  • Avogadro's number is 6.02 × 10²³.
  • The thyroid gland regulates metabolism.
  • Fluorine has the highest electronegativity.
  • The pancreas produces insulin.
  • The atomic number of carbon is 6.
  • Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor.
  • Bernoulli's Principle explains how airplanes can fly.
  • Mitochondria's function is energy production.
  • Vitamin C is water-soluble.
  • Fission is the process of splitting atomic nuclei.
  • Velocity is a vector quantity.
  • Venus has the highest surface temperature.
  • Melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
  • The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time for half to decay.
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
  • The angular momentum quantum number describes the shape of an orbital.
  • Ecology studies the interaction between organisms and their environment.
  • A human gamete has 23 chromosomes.
  • Carbon-14 is used in carbon dating.
  • Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body.
  • Concave mirrors are used in car headlights.
  • A neutron has a neutral charge.
  • Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C.
  • Argon gas is used to fill electric bulbs.
  • Hepatitis affects the liver.
  • The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
  • Violet light has the highest energy.
  • The cerebellum controls balance in the brain.
  • Concave lenses are used to correct myopia.
  • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging proteins.
  • Halogens are the most reactive group of nonmetals.
  • Frequency determines pitch in sound.
  • 2Hâ‚‚ + Oâ‚‚ → 2Hâ‚‚O is a synthesis reaction.
  • White blood cells fight infection.
  • ATP provides energy for cellular processes.
  • Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
  • Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe.
  • Isaac Newton proposed the laws of motion.

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