Science: Definitions and Formulas

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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical symbol for copper?

  • CO
  • Co
  • Cr
  • Cu (correct)

An isotope of carbon has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. What is its atomic mass in atomic mass units (amu)?

  • 6 amu
  • 14 amu (correct)
  • 2 amu
  • 8 amu

A group of atoms carrying a fixed charge is called what?

  • Cation
  • Anion
  • Ion (correct)
  • Polyatomic ion

What is the order of magnitude of the typical radii of atoms?

<p>$10^{-10}$m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with proposing the law of constant proportion?

<p>J.L. Proust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula unit mass of $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$?

<p>310g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound is typically formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?

<p>Ionic compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A force of 10N is applied to an object causing it to move 5m. How much work is done?

<p>50 J (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 20 m/s in 4 seconds. How much work is done on the car?

<p>1600J (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion called?

<p>Kinetic energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred called?

<p>Power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the energy changes that occur when a battery lights a bulb?

<p>Chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate speed of sound in air at room temperature?

<p>330 m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a portion of a medium where the density is higher than its average value called?

<p>Compression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Very sharp and loud sounds produced by pressure variation associated with shock waves are called:

<p>Sonic boom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a stable atom?

<p>Stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a force of 20 N is applied to an object, and it moves 5 meters, how much work is done?

<p>100 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of energy is associated with the internal motion of atoms and molecules?

<p>Thermal energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you best describe a 'rarefaction' in the context of sound waves?

<p>A region of low pressure and density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a sonic boom from ordinary sound?

<p>Sudden and intense pressure change due to exceeding the speed of sound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a moving object collides with a stationary object and transfers energy. Which type of energy transfer is most dominant during this collision?

<p>Kinetic energy to kinetic energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the atomic number of an element is 6 and its mass number is 14, how many neutrons are present in the nucleus of its atom?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical charge of an anion?

<p>Negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would decreasing the density of air affect the speed of sound?

<p>Decrease the speed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the law of constant proportions?

<p>Elements combine in a fixed ratio to form compounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict which process would lead to the formation of an ionic compound?

<p>Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of energy contributes to global warming the most?

<p>Thermal energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sound travels in what type of waves?

<p>Longitudinal waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of electromagnetic energy causes sunburn?

<p>Ultraviolet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you heat up two beakers of water to different temperatures, what is primarily different in them?

<p>Kinetic Motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for work to be done on a system?

<p>Applying a force through a distance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force/energy, must an object have to be perceived?

<p>Electromagnetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If all matter has electromagnetic energy, why can light only pass through certain objects?

<p>Due to differences in atomic arrangements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical symbol for copper

The chemical symbol for copper is Cu.

Atomic mass

The atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Ion

A group of atoms carrying a fixed charge.

Atomic radii order

The typical size of atoms is around 10⁻¹⁰m.

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Law of constant proportion

A chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

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Constant proportion proposer

J. L. Proust proposed the law of constant proportion

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Formula unit mass of Ca3(PO4)2

The formula unit mass of Ca3(PO4)2 is 310g.

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Ionic compound formation

An ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal.

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Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

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Battery energy transformation

Chemical energy turns into light energy.

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Speed of sound in air

The speed of sound is approximately 330 m/s.

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Compression

The portion of a medium where the density has a larger value than its average value.

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Sonic boom

A very sharp and loud sound produced by pressure variation associated with shock waves.

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Kinetic energy

Energy by virtue of motion.

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Study Notes

  • The chemical symbol for copper is Cu.
  • The atomic mass of an isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 8 neutrons is 14 amu.
  • A group of atoms carrying a fixed charge on them is called an ion.
  • The radii of atoms are of the order 10^-10m.
  • The law of constant proportion was put forward by J. L. Proust.
  • The formula unit mass of Ca3(PO4)2 is 310g.
  • An ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
  • A force of 100N applied to an object that moves 5m results in work done. The work done is 500J.
  • When a car accelerates from rest to a speed of 20m/s in 4 seconds, the work done on the car is 1600J.
  • The energy possessed by an object due to its motion is called kinetic energy.
  • The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred is called power.
  • In a battery lighting a bulb, the correct way of energy changes is chemical energy converted to electrical energy then to light energy.
  • The speed of sound in air at room temperature approximately 330 m/s.
  • A portion of a medium where the density has a larger value than its average value is called compression.
  • A very sharp and loud sound produced by pressure variation associated with shock waves is a sonic boom.

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